Ortho - Tumours

Question 1

what is a ganglion cyst?

common sites?

Answer 1

herniation through the weak portion of a joint capsule

wrist/DIP

Question 2

benign tumour of fat?

Answer 2

lipoma

Question 3

where do giant cell tumours arise in the hand? are they benign?

Answer 3

flexor tendon sheath of the finger

yes

Question 4

malignant tumour name of

blood vessels
muscle
fibrous fat
fat
?

Answer 4

blood vessels - angiosarcoma
muscle - rhabdosarcoma
fibrous fat - fibrosarcoma
fat - liposarcoma

Question 5

what is AVN?

Answer 5

ischaemic necrosis of bone due to an interrupted blood supply

Question 6

causes of AVN?

Answer 6

#
alcohol
steroids
sickle cell
coagulopathic
bisphosphonates

Question 7

where does AVN commonly occur?

Answer 7

fem head
scaphoid
humerus
talus

Question 8

Ix for AVN?

Answer 8

XRAY

MRI

Question 9

XRAY features of AVN?

Answer 9

patchy hyperlucency

crescent sign in fem head - subcortical lucency

Question 10

Tx for AVN?

Answer 10

replace
drilling to decompress
analgesia

Question 11

where are osteochondromas? benign or malignant?

Answer 11

cartilage

benign

Question 12

features of an osteoid osteoma? benign or malignant?

Answer 12

dull pain
worse at night

benign

Question 13

features of an aneurysmal bone cyst? benign or malignant?

Answer 13

blood filled
painful

benign

Question 14

what is fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 14

a genetic condition that causes defective mineralisation of bone

Question 15

features of fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 15

shepherd’s crook deformity of the femur

Question 16

features of malignant bone/soft tissue tumours?

Answer 16

pain worse at night
#
new bone
destruction

Question 17

what type of mets does prostate have?

Answer 17

sclerotic

Question 18

what type of cancer has lytic mets?

Answer 18

breast
thyroid
lung

Question 19

where is ewing’s sarcoma found? benign or malignant? who gets it?

Answer 19

metaphysis/diaphysis of long bones

malignant

young

Question 20

where is chondrosarcoma found? benign or malignant? who gets it?

Answer 20

cartilage

malignant

old

Question 21

where is osteosarcoma found? benign or malignant? who gets it?

Answer 21

osteoblasts form osteoid at the end of long bones

malignant

young (most common)

Question 22

soap bubble appearance?

Answer 22

giant cell tumour