Ortho - Trauma Flashcards
what are the 5 types of fracture?
segmental oblique communited spiral transverse
what type of fractures are commonly managed by screws?
oblique
spiral
what are the sections of bone?
diaphysis (shaft)
metaphysis
epiphysis (below physis)
what occurs in compartment syndrome?
pressure rises in the fascial compartment due to inflam
blood cannot arrive/leave
ischaemia occurs
features of compartment syndrome?
pain out of context swollen tender parasthesia loss of pulses
Tx for compartment syndrome?
fasciotomy
what pelvic # do elderly often get? Tx?
pubic rami #
conservative
what vertebral # do elderly often get? Tx?
crush #
conservative (pain)
what features should be checked in a C spine injury?
LOC GC neuro symptoms tender pain on neck movement
Tx for C spine injury?
collar
XRAY AP + mouth open
immobilise
surgery
why, for C spine, is mouth open XRAY done?
to check odontoid peg
Tx for femoral # in kids and adults?
kids - thomas splint
adults - closed reduction with IM nail
what types of tibial # can occur?
tibial plateau
shaft
distal
Tx for the 3 types of tibial #?
tibial plateau - ORIF
shaft - closed reduction/IM nail
distal - ORIF
when do fibula # need an XRAY?
bony tenderness in distal part
cant weight bear 4 steps
Tx for fibula #?
stable - cast
unstable - ORIF
what nerve can be damaged in fibula #? what does this cause?
peroneal nerve
foot drop
what are the criteria for getting an ankle XRAY?
ANY OF
tender at lateral malleolus
tender at medial malleolus
inability to weight bear
what are the criteria for getting a foot XRAY?
ANY OF
tender in the lateral midfoot
tender at the medial navicular
inability to weight bear
what nerve can be affected in humeral shaft fracture? what does this cause?
radial nerve
wrist drop and numb in anatomical snuffbox
where else in the humerus is commonly #?
surgical neck
what can cause humeral # at surgical neck?
FOOSH
osteoporosis
what can be affected in humeral # at surgical neck?
loss of sensation in regimental badge patch (axillary)
anterior circumflex damage
Tx for humeral # at surgical neck?
conservative if undisplaced
if displaced, CR/ORIF
Tx for a humeral shaft #?
IM nail
what is a nightstick #? management?
isolated ulnar #
conservative or ORIF
what happens in a colles #?
extra articular # of the radius with dorsal displacement/angulation
what happens in a smiths #?
volarly (palm/anterior) displaced EXTRA articular distal radius #
what happens in a barton’s #?
intra articular # of distal radius
what can be damaged in a colles #?
median nerve (carpal tunnel) dinner fork deformity
Tx for a colles #?
splint (undisplaced) plaster cast (minimal) ORIF (unstable/displaced)
Tx for a smiths #?
ORIF
Tx for a barton’s #?
ORIF
how do smiths # commonly occur?
fall onto back of a flexed wrist
how do colles # commonly occur?
FOOSH
Tx for a phalangeal #?
strap/splint
manipulate if displaced
Tx for a metacarpal #?
strap/splint
how do scaphoid # commonly occur?
FOOSH
features of a scaphoid #?
tender
anatomical snuffbox sore
Ix for a scaphoid #
AP, lateral and 2 oblique views on XRAY
Tx for scaphoid #? what are they at risk of?
splint and cast
screw fixation if displaced
AVN
what can occur with a humeral shaft #?
radial nerve damage (wrist drop)
Tx for an ankle #?
stable - cast/splints
unstable needs ORIF
