Ortho - Lower Limb Flashcards
common sites of bursitis?
trochanter
knee
elbow
what causes bursitis?
repeated movements/stress
e.g on knees cleaning
features of bursitis?
pain
tender
trochanter pain on resisted abduction
Tx for bursitis?
NSAIDs
physio
steroid injections
what way does the patella most commonly dislocate?
laterally
function of the ACL?
prevents IR of the tibia
function of the PCL?
prevents hyperextension
function of the MCL?
resist valgus (knockknee) force
function of the LCL?
resists varus (medial) force external rotation of the tibia
how does injury to the ACL result?
rotation on a planted foot
how does injury to the PCL result?
hyperextension
blow from behind to a flexed knee
how does injury to the MCL result?
side tackle
how does injury to the LCL result?
force to inside of knee (pushing outward)
features of an ACL injury?
pop
haemarthroses
rotational instability
what is there risk of in an LCL injury?
peroneal and vascular injury
supplies anterior and lateral compartments
Ix for a knee ligament injury?
MRI
features of a meniscal tear?
twisting force
localised pain to joint line
effusion
locking
what happens in a bucket handle tear?
fragment flips and displaces into the intercondylar notch
who gets meniscal surgery?
young
pain not subsiding after 3 months
what ligament tear is associated with meniscal injury? what meniscus is more commonly affected?
ACL
medial
risk factors for achilles tendonitis?
RA
quinolone use e.g cipro
gout
inflam conditions
features of achilles rupture?
pain
cant weight bear
weak plantar flex
visible gap
what test can be done for achilles rupture?
simmond’s
squeeze calf, no plantarflexion
Tx for achilles rupture?
casting or surgery
what is hallux valgus?
medial deviation of 1st toe and lateral deviation of great toe
what is a bunion? Tx?
inflamed bursa on the 1st metatarsal head
better shoes
what is hallux rigidus?
OA of the first MTP
what is pes cavus?
association?
high foot arch
NM conditions (polio, cerebral palsy, spina bifida)
what is pes planus?
medial arch fails to develop in childhood
features of plantar fasciitis?
pain on instep
sore heel
tender
Tx for plantar fasciitis?
rest
stretching
gel pad insoles
what occurs in a morton’s neuroma?
plantar interdigital nerves subject to trauma
neuroma forms
risk factors for morton’s neuroma?
women
high heels
features of a morton’s neuroma?
3rd interspace affected loss of sensation squeezing causes clicks feeling of stone stuck shooting/stabbing/burning
Ix and Tx for morton’s neuroma?
US
padding
ice pack/analgesia
