Ortho-Spinal Deformities

Question 1

> 20o difference indicates an 80% chance of progression, Birth to 3 years old

Answer 1

Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis

Question 2

RAD that is >10o indicates progression

Requires an MRI (high incidence of neuro-axis abnormalities)

Answer 2

Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis

Question 3

> 10o curve
more likely in girls
near the onset of puberty

Answer 3

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Question 4

unilateral failure of segmentation, and what will this result in

Answer 4

Unilateral Bar, tethering of the cord and progression at 5o per year

Question 5

partial unilateral failure of formation

Answer 5

wedge vertebra

Question 6

complete unilateral failure of formation

Answer 6

hemivertebra

Question 7

2 ipsilaterl hemivertebrae result in

Answer 7

70o,

Question 8

most rapidly progressing congenital scoliosis, 6o per year

Answer 8

Unilateral Bar with a Hemivertebra

Question 9

Other organs affected by congenital scoliosis

Answer 9

V  vertebral abnormality 
A  anal atresia (maybe aortic too?)
T  tracheoesophageal fistula 
E  esophageal atresia
R  renal and radial anomalies

Question 10

persistent flattened spot on the back or side of the head, can be caused by
too much time spent in one position

Answer 10

Plagiocephaly, torticollis

Question 11

i. Congenital cervical spine fusions due to a failure of segmentation

Answer 11

Klippel Fiel

Question 12

as the spine elongates, the scapula migrate inferiorly

Answer 12

Sprengel’s

Question 13

best x ray for skull to C2

Answer 13

perpendicular, excluding the rest of the cervical spine

Question 14

a rare chondrodysplasia that results in multiple dislocated joints and facial anomalies

Answer 14

Larsen Syndrome

Question 15

characterized by a congenital shortening of limbs and can also lead to spinal stenosis in the cervical area

Answer 15

Rhizomelia

Question 16

Bony or fibrous defect that splits the spinal cord

Answer 16

Diplomyelia

Question 17

brainstem herniates through the foramen magnum

Answer 17

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

Question 18

a. Expansion of the central spinal cord canal with increased CSF

Answer 18

4. Hydrosyrinx

Question 19

folate deficiency, muscles in the wrong place, widened interpedicular distance, must be brithed via section or else they can lose at least 2 levels of motor cord function

Answer 19

Myelomeningocoele

Question 20

a. Expansion of the central spinal cord canal with increased CSF

Answer 20

4. Hydrosyrinx

Question 21

3 LMN associated

Answer 21

Polia, SMA, and Dysautonomia

Question 22

what is worsening pain with extension and flexion indicative of

Answer 22

Extension- posterior spine

Flexion- anterior spine

Question 23

Discitis is most commonly caused by

Answer 23

S. aureus

Question 24

i. Inflammation of growth plates of vertebral bodies

ii. Occurs when children are lifting heavy weights while growth plates are still open

Answer 24

a. Scheuermann disease

Question 25

what is the most common site of Scheuermann disease

Answer 25

increased thoracic kyphosis

Question 26

Trends of curve progression

Answer 26

50 and rotation is very likely to progress

Question 27

unusual unilateral bruising of chest with side-bend of scoliosis to opposite side. Indicative of an

Answer 27

AV Malformation

Question 28

refers to the amount of calcification of the human pelvis as a measurement of maturity

Answer 28

Risser Sign

Question 29

Normal Risser Sign

Answer 29

5/5

Question 30

typical idiopathic curves for thoracic and lumbar

Answer 30

lumbar, apex left

thoracic, apex right

Question 31

Name the test that you should use for the following:
spondylolysis
intraspinal pathology and nerve involvment
abnormalities of vertebra and disc spaces
infection, mailgnant infiltration, active inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid)

Answer 31

SPECT
MRI
CT scan
Bone Scan

Question 32

Schmorl’s nodes occur when

Answer 32

increased pressure of the disc pushed up through the growth plate

Question 33

neurofibromatosis can present as

Answer 33

rib pencilling

Question 34

When imaging what is vital

Answer 34

to have a level pelvis, otherwise the degree of curvature will be changed

Question 35

critical for bracing when risser sign of 2 and

Answer 35

cobb angle >25 or >20 with 5 degree change within a year

Question 36

Coronal plane scoliosis is defined as a curve

Answer 36

> 10

Question 37

sway back and humpback are in the ______plane

Answer 37

saggital