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MSK Exam II > Clinical Supplement Lower Limb > Flashcards

Clinical Supplement Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Coxa vara

Coxa valga

A

decreased angle

increased angle

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2
Q

Positive Trendelenburg Test

  • Nerve
  • Muscles
  • Action
A

Superior gluteal L4-S1
gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae
weakness in abduction and medial rotation at the hip

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3
Q

paralysis of gluteus maximus, weakness in extension of the thigh, difficulty walking up stairs

A

Lesion in Inferior Gluteal n. L5-S2

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4
Q

Tibial n. injury MS

A

M- psoterior compartment of leg and sole of foot

S- sole of the foot

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5
Q

Common fibular n. injury MS

A

M- anterior and lateral compartments of leg

S- anterior leg and dorsum of foot (except tips of toes)

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6
Q

Injury in popliteal fossa affects what nerve

A

tibial or common fibular

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7
Q

bumper fracture of the fibular neck can affect what nerve

A

common fibular

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8
Q

Superficial fibular n. injury MS

A

M- lateral compartment of leg

S- dorsum of foot (sparing webbing of first 2 digits)

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9
Q

Femoral n. injury MS

A

M- anterior compartment of thigh

S- anterior thigh and medial leg (includes malleolus)

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10
Q

What reflex is diminished in a femoral n. injury

A

patellar

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11
Q

sensory loss along the lateral thigh, meralgia paresthetica

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2-3)

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12
Q

medial compartment of thigh and sensory loss in small path on medial thigh above the knee

A

obturator n. L2-4

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13
Q

weakness in tibalis anterior, quadriceps [decreased patellar reflex];

A

L4

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14
Q

weakness in EDL, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus; normal reflexes;

A

L5

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15
Q

weakness in fibularis longus, gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius [decreased Achilles reflex],

A

S1

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16
Q 
– dorsum of foot
 – anterolateral thigh
– anteromedial leg, dorsum of hallux
 – skin over inguinal ligament
 – posterior thigh
 – anteromedial thigh
 – dorsum of 5th toe
A 
L5
L2
L4
L1
S2
L3
S1
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17
Q

Myotome of the knee

A 
Extension = L3-4
Flexion = L5-S1
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18
Q

Myotome of the toes

A 
Extension = L5-S1
Flexion = S1-S2
Abduction/Adduction = S2-3
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19
Q

Myotome of the ankle

A 
Dorsiflexion = L4-5
Plantarflexion = S1-2
Inversion = L4-5
Eversion = L5-S1
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20
Q

Myotome of the hip

A 
Flexion = L1-3
Extension = Glut Max [L5-S1]
Adduction = L2-3
Abduction = L4-S1
Medial rotation =L4-5
Lateral rotation = L4-S1
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21
Q

Myotomes
L4-L5
L5-S1

A

L4-L5: hip medial rotation, dorsiflexion, inversion

L5-S1: Knee flexion, eversion, hip extension

22
Q

Most common hip fractures is _____ and it involves tears in the -___

A

posterior, labrum, ligamentum fovea capitis

23
Q

most of the blood to the head of femur is from the_______ and can be supplied in fracture still by the _______

A

medial circumflex artery, obturator artery

24
Q

Unhappy triad

A

VALFI

VARFI

25
Q

inflammation within muscle compartments can result in compression of nerves and vessels; pressure can be relieved by a fasciotomy

A

compartment syndrome

26
Q

common in superficial veins of the lower extremity; results from incompetent valves

A

varicose veins

27
Q

caused by venous stagnation; characterized by swelling, warmth and inflammation; if a thrombus breaks free it may travel to the lung and block a branch of the pulmonary artery which may lead to death

A

DVT

28
Q

the great saphenous vein can be located immediately ________ to the medial malleolus for accessing the venous system; caution must be taken to avoid the ________nerve

A

anterior, saphenous

29
Q

which lymph nodes drain the entire lower extremity

A

inguinal lymph nodes

30
Q

the femoral nerve can be anesthetized immediately __________________-

A

inferior to the inguinal ligament

31
Q

first part of the quadriceps to atrophy in knee joint disease and the last to recover

A

vastus medialis

32
Q

can be used in the femoral triangle to gain access for angiography

A

femoral artery

33
Q

is in danger in dislocation of the knee and proximal fractures of the femur because of the relatively deep location of the artery in this region.

A

popliteal artery

34
Q

protrusion of gut loops through the femoral ring, into the femoral canal; the mass appears in the femoral triangle

A

femoral hernia

35
Q

repeated hip extension like in cycling can result in

A

Ischial bursitis

36
Q

Compression/ligation of the external iliac or proximal femoral artery can maintain blood flow to the lower extremity via anastomoses of _________ with _____________ and perforating arteries.

A

inferior gluteal, femoral circumflex

37
Q

aneurysm of the popliteal artery, characterized by pulsations (pulse), may compress the _____nerve

A

tibial

38
Q

a cyst-like expansion from the synovial capsule of the knee, caused by knee effusion

A

popliteal/baker’s cyst

39
Q

4 places to take a pulse in the lower extremity

A

a. Femoral
b. Popliteal
c. Posterior tibial
d. Dorsalis pedis

40
Q

inflammation between the skin and patella

A

Housemaids knee/prepatellar bursitis

41
Q

ankle sprains, most common and what two ligaments are effected

A

inversion, TF, and CF

talofibular, calcaneofibular

42
Q

Eversion injuries effect the

A

deltoid ligament, and may avulse medial malleolus

43
Q

forseful eversion, pulls on deltoid, medial malleolus avulsion, talus slips laterally and breaks the lateral malleolus or fibula

A

Potts Fracture

44
Q

fractures of the _____ can lead to osteonecrosis of the posterior aspect of the bone

A

talus

45
Q

fracture involving the medial malleolus, fibula, and tibia

A

Cotton Fracture

46
Q

ain between the 3rd and 4th toes on the ball of the foot and fibrous changes in the common plantar nerve

A

Morton’s Neuroma

47
Q

lateral deviation of the great toe

A

hallux valgus

48
Q

compression of the tibial nerve as it crosses the ankle and enters the foot; characterized by pain/tingling/numbness along the plantar aspect of the foot

A

tarsal tunnel

49
Q

weakness in tibialis posterior; the plantar calcaneonavicular [spring] ligament fails to support the talus

A

fallen arch

50
Q

pain and stiffness along the plantar aspect of the foot from inflammation (resulting from overuse) of the plantar aponeurosis

A

plantar fascitis

MSK Exam II (15 decks)

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