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MSK Exam II > Clinical Supplement Lower Limb > Flashcards

Clinical Supplement Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Coxa vara

Coxa valga

A

decreased angle

increased angle

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2
Q

Positive Trendelenburg Test

  • Nerve
  • Muscles
  • Action
A

Superior gluteal L4-S1
gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae
weakness in abduction and medial rotation at the hip

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3
Q

paralysis of gluteus maximus, weakness in extension of the thigh, difficulty walking up stairs

A

Lesion in Inferior Gluteal n. L5-S2

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4
Q

Tibial n. injury MS

A

M- psoterior compartment of leg and sole of foot

S- sole of the foot

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5
Q

Common fibular n. injury MS

A

M- anterior and lateral compartments of leg

S- anterior leg and dorsum of foot (except tips of toes)

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6
Q

Injury in popliteal fossa affects what nerve

A

tibial or common fibular

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7
Q

bumper fracture of the fibular neck can affect what nerve

A

common fibular

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8
Q

Superficial fibular n. injury MS

A

M- lateral compartment of leg

S- dorsum of foot (sparing webbing of first 2 digits)

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9
Q

Femoral n. injury MS

A

M- anterior compartment of thigh

S- anterior thigh and medial leg (includes malleolus)

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10
Q

What reflex is diminished in a femoral n. injury

A

patellar

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11
Q

sensory loss along the lateral thigh, meralgia paresthetica

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2-3)

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12
Q

medial compartment of thigh and sensory loss in small path on medial thigh above the knee

A

obturator n. L2-4

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13
Q

weakness in tibalis anterior, quadriceps [decreased patellar reflex];

A

L4

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14
Q

weakness in EDL, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus; normal reflexes;

A

L5

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15
Q

weakness in fibularis longus, gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius [decreased Achilles reflex],

A

S1

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16
Q 
– dorsum of foot
 – anterolateral thigh
– anteromedial leg, dorsum of hallux
 – skin over inguinal ligament
 – posterior thigh
 – anteromedial thigh
 – dorsum of 5th toe
A 
L5
L2
L4
L1
S2
L3
S1
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17
Q

Myotome of the knee

A 
Extension = L3-4
Flexion = L5-S1
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18
Q

Myotome of the toes

A 
Extension = L5-S1
Flexion = S1-S2
Abduction/Adduction = S2-3
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19
Q

Myotome of the ankle

A 
Dorsiflexion = L4-5
Plantarflexion = S1-2
Inversion = L4-5
Eversion = L5-S1
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20
Q

Myotome of the hip

A 
Flexion = L1-3
Extension = Glut Max [L5-S1]
Adduction = L2-3
Abduction = L4-S1
Medial rotation =L4-5
Lateral rotation = L4-S1
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21
Q

Myotomes
L4-L5
L5-S1

A

L4-L5: hip medial rotation, dorsiflexion, inversion

L5-S1: Knee flexion, eversion, hip extension

22
Q

Most common hip fractures is _____ and it involves tears in the -___

A

posterior, labrum, ligamentum fovea capitis

23
Q

most of the blood to the head of femur is from the_______ and can be supplied in fracture still by the _______

A

medial circumflex artery, obturator artery

24
Q

Unhappy triad

A

VALFI

VARFI

25
inflammation within muscle compartments can result in compression of nerves and vessels; pressure can be relieved by a fasciotomy
compartment syndrome
26
common in superficial veins of the lower extremity; results from incompetent valves
varicose veins
27
caused by venous stagnation; characterized by swelling, warmth and inflammation; if a thrombus breaks free it may travel to the lung and block a branch of the pulmonary artery which may lead to death
DVT
28
the great saphenous vein can be located immediately ________ to the medial malleolus for accessing the venous system; caution must be taken to avoid the ________nerve
anterior, saphenous
29
which lymph nodes drain the entire lower extremity
inguinal lymph nodes
30
the femoral nerve can be anesthetized immediately __________________-
inferior to the inguinal ligament
31
first part of the quadriceps to atrophy in knee joint disease and the last to recover
vastus medialis
32
can be used in the femoral triangle to gain access for angiography
femoral artery
33
is in danger in dislocation of the knee and proximal fractures of the femur because of the relatively deep location of the artery in this region.
popliteal artery
34
protrusion of gut loops through the femoral ring, into the femoral canal; the mass appears in the femoral triangle
femoral hernia
35
repeated hip extension like in cycling can result in
Ischial bursitis
36
Compression/ligation of the external iliac or proximal femoral artery can maintain blood flow to the lower extremity via anastomoses of _________ with _____________ and perforating arteries.
inferior gluteal, femoral circumflex
37
aneurysm of the popliteal artery, characterized by pulsations (pulse), may compress the _____nerve
tibial
38
a cyst-like expansion from the synovial capsule of the knee, caused by knee effusion
popliteal/baker's cyst
39
4 places to take a pulse in the lower extremity
a. Femoral b. Popliteal c. Posterior tibial d. Dorsalis pedis
40
inflammation between the skin and patella
Housemaids knee/prepatellar bursitis
41
ankle sprains, most common and what two ligaments are effected
inversion, TF, and CF | talofibular, calcaneofibular
42
Eversion injuries effect the
deltoid ligament, and may avulse medial malleolus
43
forseful eversion, pulls on deltoid, medial malleolus avulsion, talus slips laterally and breaks the lateral malleolus or fibula
Potts Fracture
44
fractures of the _____ can lead to osteonecrosis of the posterior aspect of the bone
talus
45
fracture involving the medial malleolus, fibula, and tibia
Cotton Fracture
46
ain between the 3rd and 4th toes on the ball of the foot and fibrous changes in the common plantar nerve
Morton's Neuroma
47
lateral deviation of the great toe
hallux valgus
48
compression of the tibial nerve as it crosses the ankle and enters the foot; characterized by pain/tingling/numbness along the plantar aspect of the foot
tarsal tunnel
49
weakness in tibialis posterior; the plantar calcaneonavicular [spring] ligament fails to support the talus
fallen arch
50
pain and stiffness along the plantar aspect of the foot from inflammation (resulting from overuse) of the plantar aponeurosis
plantar fascitis

MSK Exam II (15 decks)

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