Clinical Supplement Back

Question 1

2 neurons involved in a reflex arc and their origin

Answer 1

GSA sensory pseudounipolar neuron int he posterior root ganglion
GSE stellate motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 2

Normal reflex score

Answer 2

2/4

Question 3

Causes of posterior root ganlgion impingment

Answer 3

Spinal stenosis, disc protrusion

Question 4

Name 4 signs of a LMN lesion

Answer 4

weakness, atrophy, fasiculations, and fibrillations

Question 5

Normal muscle strength score

Answer 5

5/5

Question 6

Types of joints for the following:
AO
AA
Zygapophyseal 
Intervertebral disc

Answer 6

synovial, condyloid
synovial plane-gliding and pivot
synovial, plane-gliding
secondary cartilaginous joint

Question 7

trauma directed thorugh the skull and occipital condyles, bursting the arch, no damage to SC

Answer 7

Jefferson Burst Fracture

Question 8

traumatic hyperextension injury that breaks the pars interarticularis of the axis bilaterally

Answer 8

Hangman Fracture

Question 9

loss of bone density, fractures likely, common in older patients

Answer 9

osteoperosis

Question 10

Rupture of the transverse ligament of the atlas can cause

Answer 10

compression of the SC by the dens

Question 11

Rupture of an alar ligament results in

Answer 11

decreased contralateral rotation

Question 12

Chief symptoms of spinal stenosis

Answer 12

bilateral extremity pain/numbness and weakness

Question 13

Dowager’s Hump

Answer 13

excessive kyphosis, hunchback

Question 14

Sway Back

Answer 14

Excessive lordosis

Question 15

common sites of osteophyte formation in the cervical spine resulting in stenosis of intervertebral forman affecting both nerves and the vertebral artery

Answer 15

Uncovertebral Joints (C3-C7)

Question 16

Innervation of the intervertebral discs

Answer 16

sinuvertebral nerves that arise from the recurrent branches of the anterior/ventral rami

Question 17

Innervation of zygapophyseal joints

Answer 17

posterior/dorsal rami

Question 18

C5 MRS

Answer 18

M- deltoid, biceps
R- biceps
S- lateral shoulder and arm

Question 19

C6 MRS

Answer 19

M- biceps, wrist extension
R- brachioradialis
S- lateral forearm and palm (including 1st and possibly 2nd digit)

Question 20

C7 MRS

Answer 20

M- triceps, wrist flexion, finger extension
R- triceps
S- middle finger

Question 21

C8 MRS

Answer 21

M- finger flexion
R- none
S- 5th digit, medial forearm, possibly 4th digit

Question 22

T1 MRS

Answer 22

M- finger adduction/abduction
R- none
S- medial arm

Question 23

L4 MRS

Answer 23

M- tibilis anterior (inversion), quadriceps
R- patellar
S- medial leg and foot including medial malleolus

Question 24

L5 MRS

Answer 24

M- EHL, EDL (walk on heels)
R- tibialis posterior tendon
S- dorsum of foot

Question 25

S1 MRS

Answer 25

M- fibularis longus muscle (walk on toes, eversion) R- calcaneal/achilles tendon S- lateral foot

Question 26

In a lumbar puncture the needle will pop through the __________ and enter the ____ space by piercing the _______ and ______ mater

Answer 26

ligamentum flavum, dura, arachnoid

Question 27

what ligaments has the most impact on preventing hyperflexion injuries of the spine?

Answer 27

ligamentum flavum

Question 28

fracture of the pars interartciularis on the ____ in lumbar and the _______ in cervical vertebrae

Answer 28

lamina, pedicles

Question 29

dislocation/slippage between adjacent vertebrae

Answer 29

spondylolisthesis

Question 30

Vertebral venous plexus can allow for metastases from _____ to _______

Answer 30

pevlic organs, vertebral bodies