origins of psychology

Question 1

introspection

Answer 1

the first systematic experimental attempt to breakup conscious awareness into thoughts, images, and sensations

Question 2

wundt

Answer 2

1897 he opened the first scientific lab dedicated to psychology. he aimed to analyze consciousness .

Question 3

standardized procedures

Answer 3

standardized instructions were given, meaning procedure could be replicated

Question 4

how did he use introspection

Answer 4

Wundt recorded conscious thoughts and broke them down into thoughts , images and sensations

Question 5

how was wundts introspection controlled

Answer 5

it was carried out under strict controlled conditions using the same stimulation each time

Question 6

what is isolating the structure of consciousness called ?

Answer 6

structuralism

Question 7

strength of Wundt’s work-

Answer 7

control and systematic it controlled for extraneous variables and procedures were standardized.

Question 8

subjective data

Answer 8

Wundt relied on on pps self reporting their mental process. this data is subjective this makes his research to be viewed as unscientific today.

Question 9

Wundt’s contribution

Answer 9

he produced the first scientific journal and wrote the first textbook on psychology.

Question 10

the emergence of psychology as a science

Answer 10

the behaviorist approach
the cognitive approach
the biological approach

Question 11

behaviorist approach

Answer 11

the value of introspection was questioned , due to the subjective data, and so Watson and skinner proposed that psychology should only study phenomena that can be observed and measured. they focused on behaviors they could see

Question 12

behaviorist approach in short

Answer 12

only visible behaviors
visible phenomena
objectively measured
used controlled experiments

Question 13

cognitive approach

Answer 13

the digital revolution gave psychologists a metaphor for the mind
the computer metaphor eg the MSM
they tested predictions about memory and attention though experiments
they made sure they studied highly scientifically
and legitimately .

measures internal mental processes, and private mental processes such as memory and perception

Question 14

cognative approach in short

Answer 14

memory and attention was looked at
highly scientific
used technology
metaphor of mind and computer

Question 15

biological approach

Answer 15

taken advantage of technology to investigate physiological processes as they happen eg fMRI EEG
they study live brain activity
this approach had allowed to find links between genes and behavior

Question 16

biological approach

Answer 16

use technology to look at brain activity
highly scientific
look at physiological processes

Question 17

the humanist approach

Answer 17

reject the behaviorist approach and the psychodynamic approach view that human behavior is determined by outside factors. this approach emphasized importance of self determination and free will

Question 18

Thomas Kuhn and paradigm

Answer 18

Thomas Kuhn said any science must have a paradigm

he said psychology is not a science because it does not have a paradigm as there is too much internal disagreement .

Question 19

what is a paradigm

Answer 19

a set of principles ,m assumptions, and methods that all people who work within that subject agree on .

Question 20

who is Sigmund Freud

Answer 20

he emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior this is called the psychodynamic approach. he also developed psychoanalysis and showed problems can be explained by cognitive dissonance( conflict between thoughts)

Question 21

who established the behaviorist approach

Answer 21

Watson and skinner

Question 22

who established the humanist approach

Answer 22

Rogers and Maslow

Question 23

the humanist approach in short

Answer 23

rejected approaches that said behavior was determined by outside factors
it is about free will and determination

Question 24

who proposed the social learning theory

Answer 24

Albert Bandura

Question 25

what is the SLT

Answer 25

it draws attention to the role of cognitive factors in learning providing a bridge between newly established cognitive approach and traditional behaviorism

Question 26

scientific method

Answer 26

a systematic process of gathering measurable objective evidence

Question 27

timeline order

Answer 27

experimental philosophy
psychology as a distinct discipline 
psychodynamic approach 
behaviourist approach 
humanist approach 
cognitive approach 
social learning theory 
biological approach 
cognitive neuroscience

Question 28

subjective data in psychology

Answer 28

not all approaches use objective methods, meaning there can always be demand characteristics and therefore the data can not always be what was desired.
or
not scientific due to not being able to make general laws also not a science due to not being objective data

Question 29

how does science develop

Answer 29

paradigm shifts
processes within a science occur when there is a scientific revolution. a handful of researchers begin to question an accepted paradigm, the critique gathers popularity and a paradigm shift occurs when there is too much contradictory evidence to ignore

Question 30

is introspection objective or subjective

Answer 30

subjective, because only observable behaviour can be objectively measured

Question 31

1900’s

Answer 31

behaviourist approach

Question 32

1950’s

Answer 32

cognitive approach

Question 33

1980’s

Answer 33

biological approach