ORIGIN OF BIODIVERSITY

Question 1

a method by which biologists organize living things
into groups. It is also called

Answer 1

Scientific classification/taxonomy

Question 2

Most diverse group

Answer 2

Insect

Question 3

Taxon, taxa

Answer 3

1 2

Question 4

most influential early classification system
was developed

Answer 4

Linnea system of classification

Question 5

Linnean system of classification developed by

Answer 5

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 6

a Swedish botanist who lived during the 1700s
is known as the “Father of Taxonomy”

Answer 6

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 7

1735 published in Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 7

Systema naturae ( system of nature)

Question 8

is the highest taxon in Linnaean taxonomy,
representing major divisions of organisms.
____ of organisms include the plant and
animal kingdoms.

Answer 8

Kingdom

Question 9

is a division of a kingdom. in the animal
kingdom include chordates and arthropods

Answer 9

Phylum

Question 10

is a division of a phylum.
____ in the chordate
phylum include mammals
and birds

Answer 10

Class

Question 11

is a division of a class.
___in the mammal class
include rodents and
primates.

Answer 11

Order

Question 12

is a division of an order.
_____in the primate order
include hominids (apes and
humans) and hylobatids
(gibbons).

Answer 12

Family

Question 13

is a division of a family.
__ in the hominid family
include Homo (humans) and
Pan (chimpanzees

Answer 13

Genus

Question 14

the lowest taxon in Linnaeus’ system.
____ in the Pan genus include Pan
troglodytes(common chimpanzees)
and Pan paniscus (pygmy
chimpanzees

Answer 14

Species

Question 15

an English economist.
wrote a popular essay called “On Population”

Answer 15

Thomas malthus

Question 16

human populations have the potential to grow
faster than the resources they need. When
populations get too big, disease and famine
occur. These calamities control population size
by killing off the weakest people.

Answer 16

On population

Question 17

theorized the Catastrophism which was based
on paleontological evidence in the Paris Basin.Cuvier was there when he observed something
peculiar about the fossil record.

Answer 17

Georges cuvier

Question 18

states that natural history has been
punctuated by catastrophic events that
altered that way life developed and rocks
were deposited.

Answer 18

Catastrophism

Question 19

theorized gradualism which profound
changes to the Earth

Answer 19

James hutton

Question 20

states that the species appeared by the
gradual transformation of ancestral species
the population of a species is transformed
slowly and progressively into a new species
by the accumulation of micro-evolutionary
changes in the genetic heritage.

Answer 20

Gradualism

Question 21

states that when certain organs become
specially developed as a result of some
environmental need, then that state of
development is hereditary and can be passed
on to progeny.

Answer 21

Law of use and disuse

Question 22

Like Lamarck, Darwin assumed that
species can change over time. The fossils he
found helped convince him of that

Answer 22

1

Question 23

From Lyell, Darwin saw that Earth and its
life were very old. Thus, there had been
enough time for evolution to produce the
great diversity of life Darwin had observ

Answer 23

2

Question 24

From Malthus, Darwin knew that
populations could grow faster than their
resources. This “overproduction of
offspring” led to a “struggle for existence”
, in
Darwin’s word

Answer 24

3

Question 25

From artificial selection, Darwin knew that some
offspring have variations that occur by chance, and
that can be inherited. In nature, offspring with
certain variations might be more likely to survive the
“struggle for existence” and reproduce. If so, they
would pass their favorable variations to their
offspring.

Answer 25

4

Question 26

Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to
an organism’s relative ability to survive and
produce fertile offspring. Nature selects the
variations that are most useful. Therefore, he
called this type of selection natural selection.

Answer 26

5

Question 27

Darwin knew artificial selection could change
domestic species over time. He inferred that
natural selection could also change species over
time. In fact, he thought that if a species
changed enough, it might evolve into a new
species.

Answer 27

6

Question 28

is an English biologist who proposed
the theory of biological evolution by
natural selection.
Defined evolution as “descent with modification”
Proposed that history of life forms from a branching tree

Answer 28

Charles Darwin

Question 29

2 physical features of organism

Answer 29

Homologous and analogous

Question 30

Two or more species share unique physical feature, complex bone structure

Shared due to evolutionary history

Answer 30

Homologous

Question 31

Not all physical features that look alike are marks of common ancestry. Some physical similarities are analogous, they evolved independently in different organism BC of similar environment. Convergent evolution

Answer 31

Analogous

Question 32

Same genetic material
Same genetic codes
Same process of gene expression
Same molecular building blocks

Answer 32

Molecular biology

Question 33

geographic distribution of organisms on
Earth follows patterns that are best
explained by evolution, in combination with
the movement of tectonic plates over
geological time.

Answer 33

Biogeography

Question 34

are the preserved remains of previously
living organisms or their traces, dating from the
distant past.

not, alas,
complete or unbroken: most organisms never
fossilize, and even the organisms that do
fossilize are rarely found by humans.

Answer 34

Fossil record