BIOELEMENTS

Question 1

Elements that constitute more than 99% of the matter found in living things

Answer 1

Bioelements

Question 2

Elements in biomolecules

Answer 2

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen

Question 3

Essential element of any living matter. 0.09% of by mass of carbon

Answer 3

Carbon

Question 4

Most abundant element in Earth’s crust. 46% by mass 23% by atmosphere

Answer 4

Oxygen

Question 5

The most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere. 78% by volume

Answer 5

Nitrogen

Question 6

Simplest element known, one proton one electron. 10th most abundant element in Earth’s crust

Answer 6

Hydrogen

Question 7

4 biomolecules

Answer 7

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipid and nucleic acid

Question 8

Greek “Sakcharon” means

Answer 8

Sugar

Question 9

Also called saccharides. Diverse group of biomolecules that contain carbon, nitrogen and oxygen

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Two types of carbohydrates

Answer 10

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates

Question 11

Called simple sugar, sugar found in fruits, vegetable and milk

Answer 11

Simple carbohydrates

Question 12

Also called starches, examples are whole grain bread, cereal, starchy vegetable. Contains fiber that helps in digestive health

Answer 12

Complex carbohydrates

Question 13

3 classification of carbohydrates

Answer 13

Monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide

Question 14

Are simple sugar. Derived for Greek single sugar. It is soluble in water

Answer 14

Monosaccharide

Question 15

3 common monosaccharide

Answer 15

Galactose, fructose and glucose

Question 16

Sugar found in milk and dairies

Answer 16

Galactose

Question 17

Mostly found in vegetables and fruits

Answer 17

Fructose

Question 18

Six carbon sugar carries in bloodstream. Also called blood sugar or dextrose

Answer 18

Glucose

Question 19

It consists of two monosaccharide. Table sugar or sucrose

Answer 19

Diasscharides

Question 20

Obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets

Answer 20

Sucrose

Question 21

3 common diasscharides

Answer 21

Lactose, sucrose and maltose

Question 22

Commonly know as milk sugar. Found in milk products

Answer 22

Lactose

Question 23

Composed of glucose and fructose

Answer 23

Sucrose

Question 24

Known as malt sugar, made up two glucose unit

Answer 24

Maltose

Question 25

Are complex carbohydrates made of chains of monosaccharide. May act as food in plants in form of starch

Answer 25

Polysaccharide

Question 26

Four common polysaccharide

Answer 26

Starch, glycogen, chitin and cellulose.

Question 27

Is a storage polysaccharide in plants. Glucose polymer made up of amylose and amylopectin

Answer 27

Startch

Question 28

Molecules chains are linear

Answer 28

Amylose

Question 29

Molecules are long and branched out

Answer 29

Amylopectin

Question 30

Stored reservoir of energy in animals

Answer 30

Glycogen

Question 31

Main component of fungi cell wall and exoskeleton. Main component of beaks. Useful in industrial and medical purposes

Answer 31

Chitin

Question 32

Found in all animal products and it is essential to life because it is found in every cell of the body

Answer 32

Proteins

Question 33

Prokios

Answer 33

Protein

Question 34

It is the building blocks of protein

Answer 34

Amino acid

Question 35

Building blocks are linked together by unique chemical bonds

Answer 35

Peptide bonds

Question 36

Determined by covalent peptide bond

Answer 36

Primary structure

Question 37

Determined by hydrogen bonds between backbone of the chain

Answer 37

Secondary structure

Question 38

Determined by all electrostatic interactions

Answer 38

Tertiary structure

Question 39

Determined by the subunits and different subunits

Answer 39

Quarternary structure

Question 40

Proteins are made of hundreds or thousands of small unit called

Answer 40

Amino acid

Question 41

How many amino acid

Answer 41

Twenty common amino acid

Question 42

Do not have 2p amino acid and have

Answer 42

Incomplete proteins, complete proteins

Question 43

Amino acid that cannot be produced by the body

Answer 43

Essential aminod acid

Question 44

Biological molecules that are insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvent

Answer 44

Lipds

Question 45

Waxy greasy and oily, known as fats and oil

Answer 45

Lipds

Question 46

Two classification into two classes of lipds

Answer 46

Saponifiable, non saponifiable

Question 47

Hydrolyzed bases such as fats, oil and waxes, fatty acid and alcohol

Answer 47

Saponifiable

Question 48

Phospholipids and sphingolipids

Answer 48

Complex saponifiable

Question 49

Cannot be broken down by basic hydrolysis

Answer 49

Non saponifiable

Question 50

Long chain carboxylic acid

Answer 50

Fatty acid

Question 51

Known as triglycerides

Answer 51

Fats and oil

Question 52

Are esters but they are harder and less greasy

Answer 52

Waxes

Question 53

Are important molecules that provide structure and protection to cells

Answer 53

Phospholipid

Question 54

A class of an organic compound characterized by a molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms. Are family of lipids. Important in field of biology

Answer 54

Steriods

Question 55

Most abundant steriod in the human body

Answer 55

Cholesterol

Question 56

Biomolecules present in all living cell. Blueprint of life

Answer 56

Nucleic acid

Question 57

Made of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate group

Answer 57

Nucleotide

Question 58

Most well known type of nucleic acid and carries the most genetic information

Answer 58

DNA