Organogenesis

Question 1

General term for how the lungs develop

Answer 1

Branching morphogenesis

Primary branch communicates with the mesoderm to get more branching

Question 2

What is the mesoderm around the lungs called? What does it give rise to?

Answer 2

Splanchnopleuric mesoderm

Gives rise to the lung vasculature and to the connective tissue, cartilage, and muscle within the bronchi

Question 3

What is the

1. Primordia of the lungs
2. Primordia of the future lung lobs

Answer 3

1. Respiratory diverticulum or lung bud

2. Secondary bronchial buds

Question 4

Another term for primitive alveoli

Answer 4

Terminal sacs

They are respiratory bronchioles invested with capillaries

Question 5

Cardiac crescent

Answer 5

Also called first heart field
Cardiac primordium within the splanchnic mesoderm at the cranial end of the embryonic disc
Forms a pair of lateral endocardial tubes

Question 6

How is the heartbeat required for normal heart development?

Answer 6

Not only generates circulation to get nutrients around the embryo, but also to help with the muscular generation of the heart wall

Question 7

4 general things that happen during weeks 4-8 of heart development

Answer 7

Looping
Remodelling
Realignment
Septation

Question 8

As the primitive streak starts regressing it…

Answer 8

Lays down the axis of the embryo

Question 9

First vs second heart field

Answer 9

Primary: gives rise to the LV and atria
Secondary: contributes to the RV and outflow tract

Question 10

Mesoderm for:

1. Respiratory system
2. Heart
3. Urogenital System
4. Reproductive system

Answer 10

1. Splanchopleuric
2. Splanchic
3. Intermediate
4. Intermediate

Question 11

Which structure is the first kidneys to function in the embryo?

Answer 11

The mesonephroi

Question 12

3 successive nephric structures

Answer 12

Pronephroi (primitive kidneys)
Mesonephroi
Metanephroi (definitive kidneys)

Question 13

Development of the mature renal structure

Answer 13

Reciprocal inductive interactions between the ureteric bud tip and the cap mesenchyme regulate the orderly branching and growth of the buds
Cells of the ureteric stack undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion forming a renal vesicle
The renal vessel develops into an S-shaped tubule, which fuses with the uteric stalk and forms the nephron

Question 14

Somatic cells will differentiate into X in the male and Y in the female

Answer 14

X: Sertoli cells
Y: follicle cells (or granulosa cells)

Question 15

What do the:
1. liver
2. Gallbladder and cystic duct
3. Pancreas 
give rise to?

Answer 15

1. Hepatic
2. Cystic
3. Dorsal and ventral pancreatic diverticula

Question 16

Where does the spleen come from?

Answer 16

The mesenchyme in the dorsal mesogastrium