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Anatomy > Axial and Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The axial skeleton is made up of…

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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2
Q

The appendicular skeleton is made up of…

A

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
Upper limb
Pelvic girdle
Lower limb

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3
Q

Mandible

A

The only movable bone in the skull

Lower jaw bone

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4
Q

Skull without the mandible is called the..

A

Cranium

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5
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheekbones

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6
Q

Maxillae

A

Upper jaw

Two bones but fused together

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7
Q

Bregma

A

Where the coronal suture meets the sagittal suture

The frontal bone meets the 2 parietal bones

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8
Q

Lambda

A

Where the lambdoid suture meets the sagittal suture (the occipital bone meets the 2 parietal bones

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9
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large opening for spinal chord at base of the skull

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10
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Provide articular surfaces for the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
Resting spots

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11
Q

Classification and numbers of vertebrae

A 
7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral (fused, form sacrum)
4 coccygeal (fused, form coccyx)
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12
Q

Primary curvatures

A

Present in fetus
Thoracic and sacral
Remain from the C shape

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13
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

Develop after birth
Cervical (when infant starts lifting its head) and lumbar (when it begins to walk)
Becomes S shaped

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14
Q

Lordosis

A

Inward curve

Cervical and lumbar curves

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15
Q

Kyphosis

A

Outward curve

Thoracic and sacral curves

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16
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (C or S shaped)

17
Q

Thoracic cage (consists of, and function)

A

Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, 12 thoracic vertebrae
Protects viscera, supports shoulder girdles and upper limbs, intercostal muscles are active during breathing

18
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

Attach anteriorly directly to the sternum through their costal cartilages

19
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-10

Attach to the sternum through costal cartilages above them

20
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11 and 12

Do not attach to the sternum

21
Q

Typical ribs

A

Ribs 2-9
Attaches to the: bodies of two vertebrae (the corresponding vertebra and the one above), transverse process of the corresponding vertebra, sternum

22
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 10, 11, 12

Only attached to the one vertebra that corresponds to the rib number

23
Q

The pectoral girdle consists of…

A 
A scapula (shoulder blade)
Clavicle (collar bone)
24
Q

Shoulder (pectoral) girdle

A

Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk
Provides attachment for many muscles that move the upper limb
The only bony connection of the upper limb to the trunk is the clavicle (attaches to acromion on scapula)

25
Q

Humerus

A

Bone in the arm

Has head, greater and lesser tubercules, anatomical and surgical necks, shaft, and two condyles (medial and lateral)

26
Q

Radius and ulna

A

Bones in the forearm
Radius is lateral
Head of the radius is proximal
Head of the ulna is distal

27
Q

Bones in the hand

A

Carpal (wrist) bones: 8
Metacarpals: 5
Phalanges: 14 (thumb only has 2)

28
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Consists of two hip bones and sacrum
Attaches the lower limbs to the spine
Carries the weight of the upper body
Supports viscera

29
Q

Hip bone is composed of which 3 fused bones that fuse at the ___

A

Pubis, Ilium, Ischium

Fuse at the acetabulum

30
Q

Femur

A

Bone of the thigh

Has head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, shaft, and two condyles (medial and lateral)

31
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

Small sesamoid bone that protects the knee joint and improves the muscle action across the knee

32
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Within the tendons and can move easily

Ex: patella

33
Q

Tibia and fibia

A

Bones of the leg
Tibia: main weight bearing bone
Fibia: slender bone lateral to tibia
The distal ends of fibula and tibia form the lateral and medial malleoli

34
Q

Bones in the foot

A

Tarsals: 7
Metatarsals: 5
Phalanges: 14 (big toe only has 2)

35
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Between occipital and parietal bones

36
Q

Fontanelle

A

Gaps between cranial bones in fetuses and neonates that are covered by membranes

Anatomy (30 decks)

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