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NB1 > Organization Of The Nervous System 1 > Flashcards

Organization Of The Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system?

A

Brain (enencephalon)

Spinal Cord

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2
Q

What are the components of peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

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3
Q

What are the components of the brain?

A

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)—> medulla oblangata, pons, cerebellum —> fourth ventricle

Midbrain(mesencephalon)—> cerebral aqueduct

Forebrain (prosencephalon)—> telencephalon, diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamis, subthalamus)

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4
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Abducens nerve
  7. Facial nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  10. Vagus nerve
  11. Accessory nerve
  12. Hypoglossal nerve
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5
Q

How many types of each spinal nerve occurred?

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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6
Q

Contrast grey matter in the brain and the spinal cord

A

Brain
• Cortex (cerebral, cerebellar)
• Central nuclei (basal nuclei, amygdala, hypothalamic nuclei, thalamic nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei, cerebellar nuclei)

Spinal Cord
• Spinal cord grey matter (H-shape)

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7
Q

Contrast the white matter of the spinal cord and brain

A

Brain
• Cerebral white matter
• Commissural fibers (corpus callosum)
• Association fibers (uncinate fasciculus)
• Projection fibers (thalamocortical projections)

Spinal Cord
• Ascending fiber tracts (anterolateral system, DCML tract)
• Descending fiber tracts (corticospinal tract)

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8
Q

Summarize brain embryogenesis

A

Day 0: fertilization forming zygote (in the ampulla of the fallopian tubes)

Day 1-5: zygote travels to the uterus and divides to become morula (16 cells), and then blastocyst Day 6: implantation of blastocyst in the uterus

Day 7-14: bilaminar embryonic disc develops (hypoblast and epiblast)

Week 3-4: gastrulation, notogenesis, and neurulation

Week 5-8: organogenesis

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9
Q

Describe the development of the primary brain vesicles

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Developed after 4 weeks

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10
Q

How are the secondary brain vesicles formed?

A

Prosencephalon -telencephalon and diencephalon

Mesencephalon still mesencephalon

Rhombencephalon- metencephalon & myelencephalon

Formed after 5 weeks

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11
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the telencephalon?

A

Brain structure- cerebrum

Cavity- lateral ventricles

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12
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the diencephalon?

A

Brain structure- diencephalon(thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus)

Cavity- third ventricle

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13
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the mesencephalon?

A

Brain stem: midbrain

Cavity: caudal brain

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14
Q

What are the adult derivatives of metencephalon ?

A

Brain structure: brain stem: pons

Cerebellum

Cavity: fourth ventricle

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15
Q

What are the adult derivatives of myelencephalon?

A

Brain structure: brain stem: medulla oblangata

Cavity: fourth ventricle

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16
Q

What does the neural tubr develop into after 3 weeks?

A

Cranial part abd caudal part

Cranial part guve the primary brain vesicles

17
Q

What does the telencephalon become?n

A

Telencephalon (cerebrum, endbrain – derived from the rostral prosencephalon)
• Cerebral hemispheres
• Cerebral cortex
• Basal ganglia
• Lateral ventricles
• Foramina of Monro (interventricular foramina), which connect the lateral ventricles with the diencephalic third ventricle
. • Closely tied to olfactory nerves

18
Q

What does the diencephalon form?

A 
Diencephalon (interbrain – derived from the caudal prosencephalon)
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus (and pituitary)
• Subthalamus
• Epithalamus
• Third ventricle
• Cranial nerve II
19
Q

What does the mesencephalon (midbrain) form?

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)
• Tegmentum (floor: including cerebral peduncles or crus cerebri)
• Tectum (roof: corpora quadrigemina or superior and inferior colliculi)
• Cerebral aqueduct
• Cranial nerves III and IV

20
Q

What does the metencephalon become?

A

Metencephalon (derived from the rhombencephalon)
• Pons
• Cerebellum (cerebellar hemispheres and vermis)
• Rostral fourth ventricle
• Cranial nerves V - VIII

21
Q

What does the metencephalon become?

A

Myelencephalon (derived from the rhombencephalon)
• Medulla oblongata
• Caudal fourth ventricle
• Foramina of Magendi (“M” for medial) and Luschka (“L” for lateral) communicate between the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space
• Central canal of the medulla is continuous with the spinal central canal
• Cranial nerves IX - XII

22
Q

What are the adult derivatives of neural crest cells?

A

Peripheral ganglia

Schwann cells

Afferent nerve cells

23
Q

What is the adult derivative of neural tube?

A

Preganglionic Autonomic fibers

Somatoc motor neurons

24
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the mesoderm?

A

Emdoneurium, perineurium, and epineureium

25
Q

Describe the organization of the peripheral nerves

A

Endpneurium
Connective tissue surrounding each axon

Perineurium:
connective tissue surrounding fascicles (group of axons)

Epineurium:
connective tissue surrounding the nerve

26
Q

Describe the communications between the CNS & PNS

A

Flow of information between CNS – PNS with efferent and afferent pathways

Efferent Communications:
• All somatic motor neurons have the origin in the CNS
• All autonomic preganglionic neurons have the origin in the CNS

Afferent Communications:
• All sensory nerve fibers have the origin in the dorsal root ganglia or cranial nerve ganglia

27
Q

What is the transitional zone?

A

Transitional Zone: Redlich-Obersteiner’s Zone
a.k.a. Glial-Schwann Junction

Boundary between the CNS and PNS
• Between cranial nerves and the brain
• Between the spinal nerves and the spinal cord

There is a transition from Schwann cell myelin to oligodendrocyte myelin
At this point occur the neurovascular compression syndromes in the cranial nerves (e.g. trigeminal neuralgia)

NB1 (67 decks)

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