Organization of Knowledge Flashcards
Concept
Mental Representation of Object, event, idea
i.e. chair, table
Categories
clusters of interrelated concepts
i.e furniture
Categorization
Process of forming categories
Classical Categorization
objects or events are categorized according to a certain set of rules or by a specific set of features
i.e. triangles are figures with 3 angles and 3 sides
Graded Membership
observation that some concepts appear to make better category members than others
i.e. sparrows and penguins are both birds, but sparrows seem more “bird-like”
Prototypes
mental representation of an average category member
- use of similarities in shape and function used to identify objects
- i.e. think of a bird- robin comes to mind, rather than ostrich
Semantic Network
interconnected set of nodes concepts and links that join them to form a category
Nodes
circles that represent concepts
Links
Connects nodes together
Priming
Activating one concept makes connected nodes in network more likely to become activated
Hierarchy
consist of structure moving from general to very specific
Basic Level Category
terms used most often in conversation
- easiest to pronounce
- level at which prototypes exist
- level at which most thinking occurs
Superordinate Category
used when someone is uncertain about an object or when they wish to group together a number of different examples from basic level category
i.e. birds, dogs, cats-> animals
Subordinate Categories
used when someone is certain about an object, or to provide distinction about the object
Linguistic Relativity (Whorfian Hypothesis)
language used determines how we understand the world
i.e. colour samples
