organisation - digestive enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

effect of enzymes on chemical reactions

A

act as a catalyst

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2
Q

what are enzymes?

A

large protein molecules that have an active site

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3
Q

what is the active site?

A

what the substrate binds to. it fits perfectly (molecule enzyme breaks down)

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4
Q

what happens if substrate does not fit active site?

A

enzyme cannot break down the substance

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5
Q

enzymes are ______. the substrate must ________ to the active site ( the __________ theory)

A

specific
fit perfectly
lock and key

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6
Q

where are proteases found in digestive system?

A

stomach, small intestine, pancreas

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7
Q

what are proteins?

A

long chains of chemicals called amino acids

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8
Q

what happens when we digest proteins?

A

protease enzymes convert protein back into amino acids which are absorbed by the blood

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9
Q

what happens when amino acids are absorbed by body cells?

A

joined together in different order to make human proteins

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10
Q

what does starch contain?

A

chain of glucose molecules

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11
Q

what is carbohydrates broken down by? what is starch broken down by + produce?

A

carbohydrates
starch= amylase producing simple sugars

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12
Q

where is amylase produced?

A

saliva and pancreatic fluid

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13
Q

what does a lipid molecule consist of?

A

molecule of glycerol attached to the three molecules of fatty acids

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14
Q

what is lipids digested by?

A

lipase producing glycerol and fatty acids

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15
Q

where is lipase found?

A

pancreatic fluid and small intestine

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16
Q

what does bile help speed up?

A

digestion of lipids

17
Q

Bile converts _____ _____ droplets into ______ droplets

A

large lipid
smaller

18
Q

Bile ____ the lipid

A

emulsifies

19
Q

what happens when bile emulsifies the lipid?

A

increases surface area of lipid droplets, increases rate of lipid breakdown

20
Q

how does bile neutralise stomach acid?

A

it is an alkaline so creates alkaline conditions in the small intestine. this increases rate of lipid digestion by lipase