cell biology - animal cell specialisation Flashcards
1
Q
what is a specialised cell?
A
a cell with adaptations to enable it to carry out a particular function
2
Q
what is differentiation?
A
when a cell becomes specialised
3
Q
what is the job of a sperm cell?
A
to join to an ovum. called fertilisation
4
Q
what happens during fertilisation?
A
genetic information of the ovum and sperm combine
5
Q
how are sperm cells adapted?
A
- have a long tail and streamlined head allowing it to swim the ovum
- packed with mitochondria to provide energy to swim to the ovum
- carries enzymes in the head to digest through the cell membrane
6
Q
what is the job of a nerve cell?
A
axon carries electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
7
Q
how is nerve cell specialised?
A
- dendrites on cell body of nerve cell increasing surface area (branched ends) to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body
- synapses at the end of nerve cell which allow impulses to pass from one nerve cell to another
- axon covered in myelin insulates axon and speeds up transmission of nerve impulses
8
Q
how is a muscle cell specialised?
A
- contract quickly
- long cells and contain lots of mitochondria to generate energy for contraction
