Organisation

Question 1

What is a cell

Answer 1

The basic building block of a living organism.

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

A group of cells with a similar structure and function working together.

Question 3

What is an organ?

Answer 3

A collection of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

A group of organs working together to perform specific functions.

Question 5

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Answer 5

To digest food and absorb nutrients obtained from digestion.

Question 6

What is the roles of the pancreas and salivary gland in the digestive system

Answer 6

Produce digestive juices containing enzymes

Question 7

What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system?

Answer 7

Produces HCl which kills bacteria and provides optimum acidic pH for the protease enzyme to function

Question 8

Role of small intestine in digestive system?

Answer 8

Site where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 9

Role of the liver in the digestive system?

Answer 9

Produces bile (stored in gall bladder) which emulsifies lipids and allows the lipase enzyme to work more efficiently.

Question 10

Role of the large intestine in the digestive system?

Answer 10

Absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces.

Question 11

Role of enzymes in the digestive system.

Answer 11

Biological catalysts which speed up rate of biological reactions without being used up.

Question 12

How does the shape of an enzyme affect its function.

Answer 12

They have specific active sites which are complementary to their substrate

Question 13

What is metabolism?

Answer 13

Sum of all reactions in a cell of organism

Question 14

What metabolic reactions do enzymes catalyse?

Answer 14

Building larger molecules from smaller molecules (glucose to starch)
Changing one molecule to another (glucose to fructose)
Breaking down larger molecules to smaller molecules ( carbohydrates to glucose)

Question 15

What is the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme function?

Answer 15

The shape of enzyme active site and substrate are complementary, so bind together forming enzyme-substrate complex

Question 16

How can temperature affect enzyme action?

Answer 16

Increases it until a certain temperature where they denature. optimum is around 37

Question 17

How does pH affect enzyme function?

Answer 17

Optimum is 7, if its too extreme, shape of active site may be altered and enzyme wont work.

Question 18

Where are carbohydrases, proteases and lipases produced?

Answer 18

Carbohydrases: amylase - salivary gland and pancreas; maltase - small intestine
Protease : pepsin - stomach, others in pancreas and small intestine
Lipases : pancreas and small intestine

Question 19

Where is bile made and stored?

Answer 19

Made in liver stored in gallbladder

Question 20

How is epidermal tissue adapted for its function?

Answer 20

It covers the entire plant, has a waxy cuticle which helps reduce water loos from leafs surface

Question 21

How is palisade mesophyll tissue adapted for its function?

Answer 21

Contains lots of chloroplasts which allows more photosynthesis

Question 22

How is spongy mesophyll tissue adapted for its function?

Answer 22

lots of air spaces which allow gases to diffuse in and out

Question 23

How is xylem adapted to its function.

Answer 23

Made of dead cells forming a hollow tube to allow movement of water and minerals through the plant, strengthened by lignin makes it strong and waterproof, has bordered pits which allow mineral transportation

Question 24

How is phloem adapted for its function?

Answer 24

Made of elongated living cells, has seive plates so cell sap can move through plates into other cells, seive tube have few organelles to allow efficient transport of substances

Question 25

How is meristem tissue adapted for its function?

Answer 25

Made of stem cells which can differentiate into many different cells, allowing plant to grow.

Question 26

What tissues do plants contain?

Answer 26

Epidermis, Palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem, guard cells

Question 27

Function of guard cells?

Answer 27

Control opening and closing of stomata allowing water in

Question 28

How are stomata adapted to their function?

Answer 28

more on leaf base to reduce water loss, have guard cells to control opening/closing

Question 29

How are root hair cells adapted to their function?

Answer 29

Large SA, lots of mitochondra which release energy for active transport of mineral ions

Question 30

What is translocation?

Answer 30

Movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Question 31

What is transpiration?

Answer 31

Evaporation of water vapour from surface of a plant

Question 32

How does transpiration work?

Answer 32

Water evaporates from stomate, more water is pulled up through xylem, more water is taken up by roots.

Question 33

How does temperature affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 33

Increased temperature increases rate transpiration due to more evaporation and diffusion

Question 34

How does humidity affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 34

Decreases rate as evaporation decreases and so woll transpiration.

Question 35

How does wind affect transpiration?

Answer 35

Increased wind increases transpiration as evaporation and transpiration are increased>

Question 36

How does light intensity affect transpiration?

Answer 36

Increases rate of transpiration