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Gcse subjects i need the 6 in > Organic chemistry paper 2 > Flashcards

Organic chemistry paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

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2
Q

What is fractional distillation, what does it do?

A

A way to seperate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the different liquids at different temperatures then condensing and collecting the liquids.

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3
Q

What are fractions what is meant by them?

A

They are hydrocarbons with similar boiling points and are seperated from crude oil.

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4
Q

Define the term saturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between its carbon atoms.

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5
Q

Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

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6
Q

What is combustion?

A

Burning a fuel in oxygen.

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7
Q

What is cracking and what does it do?

A

It is the reaction used in the oil in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones.

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8
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

The breakdown of compounds by heating them.

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9
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A substance made from very large molecules,made up of many repeating units(monomers).

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10
Q

What is meant by the term organic?

A

Compounds that contain carbon covalently bonded to other elemrnts typically hydrogen,oxygen and hydrogen.

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11
Q

What is the formula for the structure of alkanes?

A

C2 H2n+2

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12
Q

What is the formula for the structure of alkenes?

A

C2 H2n

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13
Q

What are the rules for structure of alkanes?

A

1.) Only single bonds between each carbon atom
2.) Each molecule is saturated

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14
Q

What are the rules for the structure of alkenes?

A

1.) One double bond per molecule
2.) Each molecule is unsaturated having a double bond between 2 carbon atoms.

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15
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water only.

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16
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide and water.

17
Q

What is meant by a substances volatility?

A

How easy a liquid evapourates at lower temperatures.

18
Q

What is meant by a homologous series?

A

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group but differ in the number of carbon atoms that make up that molecule.

19
Q

What is the process esterfication?

A

A reaction between a carboxylic acid and alchol to produce an ester.

20
Q

What is the process fermentation?

A

A biochemical reaction that produces ethanol.

21
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Smaller unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules that bond to form a polymer chain.

22
Q

What is an addition polymer?

A

When the double covalent bond of monomer molecules breaks to be replaced by single carbon-carbon bonds.

23
Q

What is a condensation polymer?

A

Ester link between carboxhylic acid molecules and diols to release water.

24
Q

What do the alchol group have in common?

A

They are a family of organic molecules that have the OH functional group.

25
Q

What do carboxylic acids react with and what do they form?

A

Carboxylic acids will react with carbonates to form a salt,water and carbon dioxide.

26
Q

What are carboxylic classified as (strong/weak acid) and why?

A

1.) they are classified as a weak acid
2.) This is because they do not ionise completely when dissolved in water, stronger acids completely ionise when dissolved in water and form more H+ ions than carboxylic acids.

27
Q

What does addition polymerisation produce?

A

They produce plastics which are polymers made from the bonding of many unsaturated(monomer) hydrocarbon molecules.

28
Q

What does condensation polymerisation produce , How does it do this(what does it react with)?

A

This is the reaction between dicarboxhylic acid and diols(alcohol) to produce a polymer and a small molecule.

29
Q

What are some examples of natural polymers?

A

Polysaccharides(starch) Polypeptides(proteins) and DNA.

Gcse subjects i need the 6 in (18 decks)

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