Organic chemistry paper 2 Flashcards
Define hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.
What is fractional distillation, what does it do?
A way to seperate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the different liquids at different temperatures then condensing and collecting the liquids.
What are fractions what is meant by them?
They are hydrocarbons with similar boiling points and are seperated from crude oil.
Define the term saturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between its carbon atoms.
Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond.
What is combustion?
Burning a fuel in oxygen.
What is cracking and what does it do?
It is the reaction used in the oil in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones.
What is thermal decomposition?
The breakdown of compounds by heating them.
What is a polymer?
A substance made from very large molecules,made up of many repeating units(monomers).
What is meant by the term organic?
Compounds that contain carbon covalently bonded to other elemrnts typically hydrogen,oxygen and hydrogen.
What is the formula for the structure of alkanes?
C2 H2n+2
What is the formula for the structure of alkenes?
C2 H2n
What are the rules for structure of alkanes?
1.) Only single bonds between each carbon atom
2.) Each molecule is saturated
What are the rules for the structure of alkenes?
1.) One double bond per molecule
2.) Each molecule is unsaturated having a double bond between 2 carbon atoms.
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water only.
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
Carbon monoxide and water.
What is meant by a substances volatility?
How easy a liquid evapourates at lower temperatures.
What is meant by a homologous series?
A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group but differ in the number of carbon atoms that make up that molecule.
What is the process esterfication?
A reaction between a carboxylic acid and alchol to produce an ester.
What is the process fermentation?
A biochemical reaction that produces ethanol.
What is a monomer?
Smaller unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules that bond to form a polymer chain.
What is an addition polymer?
When the double covalent bond of monomer molecules breaks to be replaced by single carbon-carbon bonds.
What is a condensation polymer?
Ester link between carboxhylic acid molecules and diols to release water.
What do the alchol group have in common?
They are a family of organic molecules that have the OH functional group.
