Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Hydrocarbon
Contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Alkanes
Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil. The simplest type of hydrocarbon. They are saturated compounds, so each carbon atom forms 4 single bonds. Formula is Cn+H2n+2
The shorter the carbon chain is,….
the less viscous it is, more volatile and more flammable.
Volatile
A low boiling point, how fast does it take to evaporate.
Viscosity
How runny it is.
Flammable
Easier to ignite.
Crude oil
Is a fossil fuel, mostly from plankton. A mixture of a very large number of compounds, mostly hydrocarbons.
Crude oil is a mixture….
of lots of different hydrocarbons, most of them are alkanes.
Fractional distillation
- Oil is heated, until it turns into gas
- The gas enters to fractional column
- The column has temperature gradient(hottest at the bottom and gets cooler at the top)
- longer hydrocarbons condense back into liquid and drain out of the column early
- each fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling point
Uses of crude oil
- provides fuel
- polymers, solvents, lubricants
Cracking
thermal decomposition reaction, splitting a long chain hydrocarbon by heat, to produce smaller, more useful molecules.
Alkenes
Unsaturated, so they have at least one double bond. Formula:
CnH2n
Bromine water in alkene
becomes colorless.
Bromine water in alkane
stays orange.
Order of alkanes
Monkeys, eat, peanut, butter
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Cracking process
- heavy fraction is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons
- the vapour is then either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature
- it is cracked as thermal decomposition take place
Alkenes use
To make polymers.
Alkenes are more…
reactive than alkanes.
Some of the products of cracking are…
useful fuels.
Hydration
Reaction in which water is chemically added to a compound.
Uses of hydration
To make ethanol from ethene. It reacts with a steam. It requires energy to heat the gases and generate high pressure. This reaction is reversible.
Which catalyst is used in ethanol production?
Concentrated phosphoric acid.
