Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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2
Q

Alkanes

A

Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil. The simplest type of hydrocarbon. They are saturated compounds, so each carbon atom forms 4 single bonds. Formula is Cn+H2n+2

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3
Q

The shorter the carbon chain is,….

A

the less viscous it is, more volatile and more flammable.

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4
Q

Volatile

A

A low boiling point, how fast does it take to evaporate.

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5
Q

Viscosity

A

How runny it is.

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6
Q

Flammable

A

Easier to ignite.

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7
Q

Crude oil

A

Is a fossil fuel, mostly from plankton. A mixture of a very large number of compounds, mostly hydrocarbons.

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8
Q

Crude oil is a mixture….

A

of lots of different hydrocarbons, most of them are alkanes.

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9
Q

Fractional distillation

A
  • Oil is heated, until it turns into gas
  • The gas enters to fractional column
  • The column has temperature gradient(hottest at the bottom and gets cooler at the top)
  • longer hydrocarbons condense back into liquid and drain out of the column early
  • each fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling point
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10
Q

Uses of crude oil

A
  • provides fuel

- polymers, solvents, lubricants

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11
Q

Cracking

A

thermal decomposition reaction, splitting a long chain hydrocarbon by heat, to produce smaller, more useful molecules.

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12
Q

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated, so they have at least one double bond. Formula:

CnH2n

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13
Q

Bromine water in alkene

A

becomes colorless.

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14
Q

Bromine water in alkane

A

stays orange.

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15
Q

Order of alkanes

Monkeys, eat, peanut, butter

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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16
Q

Cracking process

A
  • heavy fraction is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons
  • the vapour is then either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature
  • it is cracked as thermal decomposition take place
17
Q

Alkenes use

A

To make polymers.

18
Q

Alkenes are more…

A

reactive than alkanes.

19
Q

Some of the products of cracking are…

A

useful fuels.

20
Q

Hydration

A

Reaction in which water is chemically added to a compound.

21
Q

Uses of hydration

A

To make ethanol from ethene. It reacts with a steam. It requires energy to heat the gases and generate high pressure. This reaction is reversible.

22
Q

Which catalyst is used in ethanol production?

A

Concentrated phosphoric acid.