Acids, Bases and salts Flashcards

1
Q

What is pH

A

It tells you if the solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral.

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2
Q

Acid

A

Anything with a pH of less than 7. Goes from yellow to red. Formed by hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

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3
Q

Base or alkali

A

Anything with a pH of greater than 7. Goes from blue to light purple. Alkaline is formed by hydroxide ions (OH-) dissolved in the water.

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4
Q

Indicator

A

Used to find out the pH of solution. It is a dye that changes color depending on if it is acid or alkaline.

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5
Q

Universal indicator

A

Is a combination of dyes which gives you a different color at the different pH values.

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6
Q

(aq)

A

Ions are dissolved in water (aqueous)

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7
Q

(l)

A

liqid

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8
Q

(g)

A

gas

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9
Q

(s)

A

solid

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10
Q

Neutralisation

A

An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.
acid + base = salt + water
Ions H+ + OH- = H2O

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11
Q

Salts

A

Can be made from metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates or ammonia.
acid + metal = slat + hydrogen
acid + metal oxide/ metal hydroxide = salt + water

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12
Q

Reactivity of metals with acids

A

By monitoring the rate of hydrogen production when they react with an acid.

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13
Q

Name of the salt produced

A

First part of the name of the slat come from the metal and second part from an acid

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14
Q

What are bases?

A

All metal oxides and metal hydroxides. Soluble hydroxides are called alkalies.

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15
Q

Uses of slat

A

Ammonium nitrate used as fertilizer. Contains nitrogen essential for plants.

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16
Q

Precipitation

A

Used to make insoluble salt. It is done by mixing the appropriate amount of one reactant and another.

17
Q

Crystallization

A

Process used to get solid salt crystals from salt solution.

18
Q

Soluble salt

A

Can be made by reacting hydrochloric or sulphuric acid with metals, insoluble bases and alkalis

19
Q

Making a soluble salt from insoluble base

A

By adding a excess of insoluble base or metal to an acid, the excess base is the filtered out.

20
Q

Making soluble salt from an alkali

A

Indicator is used to show when the reaction ends.

21
Q

Uses of precipitation

A

Can be used as a way of extracting undesired ions from solution. E.g. lead ions from drinking water or metal ions from sewage water before it is discharged to a river.

22
Q

Titration

A

An experiment that shows how much reactant is needed to react completely with a certain volume of another reactant.

23
Q

Phenolphthalein

A

Is pink in alkalis but colorless in acids.

24
Q

Methyl orange

A

Is yellow in alkalis but red in acids

25
Q

Why is universal indicator not a suitable to use in a titration?

A

It changes color gradually. For titration you need indicator that will give you a define color change.

26
Q

Ammonia dissolves in water to…

A

produce an alkaline solution. It is used to produce ammonium salts.

27
Q

Insoluble slat can be made by…

A

reacting solutions of two soluble slats together.

28
Q

Precipitate

A

An insoluble solid formed by a reaction taking place in solution.