Acids, Bases and salts Flashcards
What is pH
It tells you if the solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral.
Acid
Anything with a pH of less than 7. Goes from yellow to red. Formed by hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
Base or alkali
Anything with a pH of greater than 7. Goes from blue to light purple. Alkaline is formed by hydroxide ions (OH-) dissolved in the water.
Indicator
Used to find out the pH of solution. It is a dye that changes color depending on if it is acid or alkaline.
Universal indicator
Is a combination of dyes which gives you a different color at the different pH values.
(aq)
Ions are dissolved in water (aqueous)
(l)
liqid
(g)
gas
(s)
solid
Neutralisation
An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.
acid + base = salt + water
Ions H+ + OH- = H2O
Salts
Can be made from metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates or ammonia.
acid + metal = slat + hydrogen
acid + metal oxide/ metal hydroxide = salt + water
Reactivity of metals with acids
By monitoring the rate of hydrogen production when they react with an acid.
Name of the salt produced
First part of the name of the slat come from the metal and second part from an acid
What are bases?
All metal oxides and metal hydroxides. Soluble hydroxides are called alkalies.
Uses of slat
Ammonium nitrate used as fertilizer. Contains nitrogen essential for plants.