Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is organic Chemistry?
About compounds that contain carbon
What are hydrocarbons?
Any compound formed from carbon and hydrogen only
What are 4 examples of hydrocarbons?
-methane CH4
-Ethane C2H6
-Propane C3H8
-Butane C4H10
What is the general formula for hydrocarbons
CnH2n+2
What are alkanes
Saturated compounds that are singularly covalently bonded
What are isomers?
Molecules made of same atoms but arranged differently
What are the properties of alkanes?
•the larger alkanes = higher boiling point
•short Alkanes= gases(more volatile) so evaporate easier and more flammable
• long alkanes= liquids, sometimes solid. More viscous
•good for fuels
What is fractional distillation?
Where cruse oil is separated
-step1, oil. Is put through chamber until turned into Gad
-step 2, pass Gad into fractional column, where water is hot at bottom and cooler at top
-step 3, gases will rise up región until there reach a temperature lower than there boiling point, where they will condense into a liquid.(hence longer chains are liquids earlier)
What liquids are formed earlier on during fractional distillation?
Bitumen, heavy fuel
What liquids are formed later on during fractional distillation?
Diésel, kerosene, petrol. (Are most flammabl. So usefal)
What is feedstock?
Raw materials used to provide reactants for industrial reaction
What is petrochemical?
Substance made from crude oil via Chemical reaction
How do you break down long hydrocarbons?
Cracking
What is cracking (and types?)
Thermal decomposition reaction
Catalyst cracking
Stern cracking
What is catalyst cracking?
Vaporise hydrocarbons to gas, then mix with hot powdered aluminium oxide to split the hydrocarbons
What is steam cracking?
Vaporising hydrocarbon (liquid) to gas. Then mix with steam and heat them together to a very high temperature . Splitting the hydrocarbons
What is the formula involving long hydrocarbons and , alkenes alkanes?
Long hydrocarbons—> short alkane + alkene
What are alkenes?
A homologase series, have a double carbon bond. Are unsaturated and more reactive than alkanes
How do you test for alkenes?
Add bromine water to beaker filled with sample solution. If the orange colour goes colourless. Then it is an alkene
