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Science > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic Chemistry?

A

About compounds that contain carbon

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2
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Any compound formed from carbon and hydrogen only

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3
Q

What are 4 examples of hydrocarbons?

A

-methane CH4
-Ethane C2H6
-Propane C3H8
-Butane C4H10

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4
Q

What is the general formula for hydrocarbons

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

What are alkanes

A

Saturated compounds that are singularly covalently bonded

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6
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules made of same atoms but arranged differently

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7
Q

What are the properties of alkanes?

A

•the larger alkanes = higher boiling point
•short Alkanes= gases(more volatile) so evaporate easier and more flammable

• long alkanes= liquids, sometimes solid. More viscous

•good for fuels

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8
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Where cruse oil is separated

-step1, oil. Is put through chamber until turned into Gad

-step 2, pass Gad into fractional column, where water is hot at bottom and cooler at top

-step 3, gases will rise up región until there reach a temperature lower than there boiling point, where they will condense into a liquid.(hence longer chains are liquids earlier)

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9
Q

What liquids are formed earlier on during fractional distillation?

A

Bitumen, heavy fuel

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10
Q

What liquids are formed later on during fractional distillation?

A

Diésel, kerosene, petrol. (Are most flammabl. So usefal)

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11
Q

What is feedstock?

A

Raw materials used to provide reactants for industrial reaction

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12
Q

What is petrochemical?

A

Substance made from crude oil via Chemical reaction

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13
Q

How do you break down long hydrocarbons?

A

Cracking

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14
Q

What is cracking (and types?)

A

Thermal decomposition reaction

Catalyst cracking

Stern cracking

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15
Q

What is catalyst cracking?

A

Vaporise hydrocarbons to gas, then mix with hot powdered aluminium oxide to split the hydrocarbons

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16
Q

What is steam cracking?

A

Vaporising hydrocarbon (liquid) to gas. Then mix with steam and heat them together to a very high temperature . Splitting the hydrocarbons

17
Q

What is the formula involving long hydrocarbons and , alkenes alkanes?

A

Long hydrocarbons—> short alkane + alkene

18
Q

What are alkenes?

A

A homologase series, have a double carbon bond. Are unsaturated and more reactive than alkanes

19
Q

How do you test for alkenes?

A

Add bromine water to beaker filled with sample solution. If the orange colour goes colourless. Then it is an alkene

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