Ecology(B)(p1/2) Flashcards
What is ecology?
Relationship between living organisms and physical environment
What is habitat?
Where organism lives
What is population?
All organisms of particular species live in habitat
What is community?
All population of different species that live together in habitat
Hera are biotic and abiotic factors?
Biotic: living factors of environment
Abiotic: non living factors
What is ecosystem?
Interaction if community of living organisms with no. Living parts of environment
What do organisms compete for?
Space
Food + water
Light
Mates (mammal)
What is interdependence?
Species depend on other species in some way?
What is the water cycle?
-energy from sun causes water to evaporate (transpiration)
-then Condenses in clouds
-water precipitates from clouds into rain
-water flow into rivers and plants
What is the carbon cycle?
-green algae takes carbon dioxide in via photosynthesis, converting it to glucose
-then either respired by plant or eaten then respired into atmosphere by living organisms.
-then when both die, they decay into small peace, releasing carbon dioxide during microbial respiration, or anaerobically respire into foil fuels. which is burned to release carbon dioxide
what are genetically modified organisms?
organisms whose genome been modified. involving adapting an helpful gene an organism has to make it resistant to disease. such as producing toxins to kill insect or pest to increase crop yield/nutrients/production specific protien
why has food gotten more intensive?
diets have changed to include food needing more land
what are B-toxins from?
bacteria
what is MyCroProtien?
made by fungi to make high protein meat for vegetarians. made by fusarium
what is Sampling?
measures subset of organisms to make prediction about the whole production
how do you use a quadrat?(4stp)
place tape measure along width and length of field to turn it into large grid
-then randomly generate 10 pairs of coordinates
-place quadrats at coordinate and count substance
-calculate mean and use it to estimate population
what is a Qaudrate?
a square frame sub divided into smaller squares on sample habitat to estimate its population size
what are biotic factors and list examples?
living factors affecting another organism
-competition
-disease
-food
what are abiotic factors and list examples?
non living parts of an environment affecting organisms
-temperature
-moisture levels
-light intensity
-carbon dioxide concnetration
-mineral soil content
-wind intensity
what is biodiversity?
variety of living things on earth within a particular ecosystem
why is biodiversity important?
makes ecosystem stable(survive if one organism excitant)
-helps develop new drugs
how do humans reduce biodiversity?
-from increased demand for raw materials
-more energy demand(factors
-produce more waster in land air and water, polluting and releasing chemicals
what are breeding programs?
reduce chance of extinction, by increasing breed capacity, so they can be realised back into the wildness. to increase biodiversity
(can sometime provide protective area)
what are the issues of maintaining biodiversity?
is expensive
individuals and government overlook benefit’s of biodiversity
-forced to damage environment to keep up with demand
-countries develop
what are peat bogs, and why shouldnt we extract them?
- formed from areas of land that have acidic and waterlogged soil, which stop air getting to soil, hence stopping respiration, so form stores of carbon dioxide.
this is drained from farmland, which increase carbon dioxide, increase global warming hence reduce biodiversity
