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MS1 Fall > Orbit Anatomy > Flashcards

Orbit Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery branch off from?

A

The internal carotid artery

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2
Q

Throwback: where does the lacrimal duct drain?

A

The inferior meatus

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3
Q

What does the sphincter pupillae do? Is it under parasympathetic or sympathetic control?

A

Constricts the pupil

It is under parasympathetic control (CN III)

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4
Q

What are the lacrimal canaliculi?

A

Superior and inferior ducts that drains tears from the lacrimal papilla to the lacrimal sac

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5
Q

What is this structure?

A

Superior rectus muscle

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6
Q

What are the zonule fibers?

A

they anchor the lens to the ciliary body.

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7
Q

The lateral rectus muscle is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

Abducens, CN VI

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8
Q

What artery in the eye is an anatomical end artery?

A

The central retinal artery

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9
Q

What are the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A
  1. Frontal (further branches)
  2. Nasociliary
  3. Lacrimal
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10
Q

What is this structure?

A

Frontal nerve

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11
Q

What nerves are responsible for the corneal reflex?

A

Afferent/sensory: Nasociliary branch of V1

Motor: CN VII - Facial

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12
Q

What four branches does the ophthalmic artery give off?

A
  1. Lacrimal artery
  2. Long and short ciliary arteries
  3. Supraorbital artery
  4. Supratrochlear
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13
Q

What does the lens do?

A

it refracts light to focus it on the retina

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14
Q

What innervates the superior oblique muscle?

A

CN IV - Trochlear

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15
Q

What is the point of entry of the optic nerve into the retina called?

A

The optic disc

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16
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve innervate?

A

The ethmoidal air cells

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17
Q

How many layers is the retina?

A

10

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18
Q

What does the dilator pupillae muscle do? Is it under parasympathetic or sympathetic control?

A

It increases the size of the pupil

It’s under sympathetic nervous system control

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19
Q

What is the retina?

A

the neurosensory layer of the eye

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20
Q

What is this structure?

A

optic nerve

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21
Q

The superior oblique muscle is innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear, CN IV

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22
Q

Where does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1) enter the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

What do the tarsal glands do?

A

They are responsible for the supply of meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye’s tear film

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24
Q

Where do all four rectus muscles attach?

A

The fibrous Annulus Ring of Zinn (annulus tendinous)

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25
Q

What is the macula?

A

An oval yellowish area surrounding the fovea

26
Q

What innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A

CN VI - Abducens

27
Q

If the ciliary muscle is contracted, what are the zonular fibers doing? What is the effect on the lens and vision?

A

The zonular fibers are relaxed

The lens is thicker so you can see closer up

28
Q

What innerveates the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII - Facial

29
Q

If the ciliary muscle is relaxed, what are the zonular fibers doing? What is the effect on the lens and vision?

A

The zonule fibers will be contracted

The lens is flattened so you can look at something far away

30
Q

What is the lamina papyracea? What bone is it part of?

A

A smooth, oblong, and very thin piece of bone that covers the middle and posterior ethmoidal cells and forms a large part of the medial wall of the orbit.

It is part of the ethmoid bone

31
Q

What is this structure (tip of upper probe)?

A

The ciliary ganglion

32
Q

What muscle is responsible for blinking?

A

Levator palpabrae superioris

33
Q

Where is the abducens nerve found?

A

On the medial side of the lateral rectus muscle (which it innervates!)

34
Q

Where can you find CN IV in the orbit?

A

On top of the superior oblique muscle

35
Q

You cannot pronounce a person with this reflex brain dead

A

Corneal reflex

36
Q

What are the branches of the frontal nerve?

A

Supratrochlear nerve and the supraorbital nerve

37
Q

What is muscle is responsible for accomodation? What innervates that muscle?

A

Ciliary muscle

Parasympathetics of CN III

38
Q

What is the venous drainage of the orbit? Where do these empty into?

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins that drain into the cavernous sinus (then the superior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, and finally the internal jugular vein)

39
Q

What is the ciliary ganglion?

A

a parasympathetic ganglion located just behind the eye in the posterior orbit.

The oculomotor nerve coming into the ganglion contains preganglionic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (a part of the brainstem) which form synapses with the ciliary neurons. The postganglionic axons run in the short ciliary nerves and innervate two eye muscles: the sphincter pupillae & the ciliaris contracts

40
Q

What are the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles innervated by?

A

CN III, occulomotor

41
Q

What structure is this?

A

levator palpebrae superioris muscle

42
Q

What muscle is responsible for each of these movements?

A
43
Q

What nerve palsy is this?

A

CN VI - Abducens nerve palsy

There is unopposed pull by the medial rectus

44
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Drooping of the eyelid, lack of pupil dilation

45
Q

What does the lacrimal gland secrete?

A

Lacrimal fluid - a watery, saline solution containing lysozyme that moistens the surfaces of the conjunctiva and cornea

46
Q

What nerve palsy is this?

A

CN III - Occulomotor palsy

Downward and outward gaze, dilated pupils and ptosis (drooping of upper eye lid)

47
Q

What is the area of most acute vision in the eye?

A

The fovea centralis

48
Q

What is this structure?

A

Lacrimal nerve

49
Q

Where are the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva?

A

The bulbar conjunctiva is on the white portion of the eye

The palpebral conjunctiva is on the inner surface of the eye

Note: both innervated by V1

50
Q

What is the lacrimal caruncle?

A

the small, pink, globular nodule at the inner corner (the medial canthus) of the eye. It is made of skin covering sebaceous and sweat glands

51
Q

What is located in the center of the optic nerve?

A

The central retinal artery

52
Q

What is the corneal reflex?

A

Involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicted by stimulation of the cornea

Stimulation should elict both a direct and indirect or consensual response from the other eye

53
Q

What is this structure?

A

Trochlear nerve

54
Q

What are the three layers of the eyeball?

A
  1. Fibrous outer layer: 5/6 sclera, 1/6 cornea
  2. Vascular layer: choroid, ciliary body & iris
  3. Inner layer: retina (optic part + fovea centralis)
55
Q

What is this structure?

A

Supraorbital nerve

56
Q

What is this structure?

A

Trochlea

57
Q

What nerve palsy is this?

A

CN IV - Trochlear nerve palsy

Unopposed pull of the superior rectus muscle

58
Q

What is the limbus?

A

The source of new cells to renew the cornea

59
Q

What is this structure?

A

Supratrochlear nerve

60
Q

What innervates the conjuctiva?

A

V1

MS1 Fall (23 decks)

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