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MS1 Fall > Abdomen Anatomy > Flashcards

Abdomen Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial fatty layer of abdominal wall?

A

Campers fascia

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2
Q

Deep membranous layer of abdominal wall?

A

Scarpa fascia

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3
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

membranous sheet lining internal surface of the abdominal wall

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4
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Separated from transversalis fascia by extraperitoneal fat

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5
Q

What covers the three muscle layers of the abdominal wall?

A

Investing fascia (superficial, intermediate, and deep)

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6
Q

Nerves of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11)

Subcostal (T12)

Iliohypogastric (L1)

Ilioinguinal (L1)

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7
Q

Muscles of abdominal wall (lateral group)?

A

External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominus

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8
Q

Anterior muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Rectus abdominus and pyramidalis

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9
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Formed by aponeurosis of the 3 lateral muscles and encloses the rectus abdominus

Contains the superior epigastric artery (branch of internal thoracic artery) and the inferior epigastric artery (branch of the external iliac artery)

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10
Q

Linea alba

A

Midline raphe extending from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis. Formed by aponeuroses

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11
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Represents the lateral border of the rectus sheath

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12
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

Divide the rectus abdominus into segments

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13
Q

Arcuate line

A

A feature of the posterior rectus sheath found below the umbilicus that indicates a change in the composition of both the anterior and posterior rectus sheath

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14
Q

Composition of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

Anterior: Aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique & 1/2 aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique

Posterior: 1/2 aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique & Aponeurosis of transversus abdominus & transversalis fascia

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15
Q

Composition of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

A

Anterior: aponeuoses of external & internal abdominal obliques & aponeurosis of transversus abdominus

Posterior: transversalis fascia

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16
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

The rolled inferior edge of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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17
Q

Inguinal canal

A

4 cm long passage that lies parallel and just superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament. Superior opening is the deep inguinal ring, inferior is the superficial inguinal ring

Contains the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females

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18
Q

Is the deep inguinal ring lateral or medial to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Lateral

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19
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Passes through the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels; usually congenital & more common in males

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20
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

Passes directly through the abdominal wall (medial to the inferior epigastric vessels)

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21
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Passes through the femoral canal inferior to the inguinal ligament; more common in women

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22
Q

Peritoneum formations: mesenteries

A

Double layer of peritoneum which connects an organ to the posterior abdominal wall; contains blood and lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

Peritoneum formations: ligaments

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ to another organ

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24
Q

Peritoneum formations: greater omentum

A

4 layers of peritoneum associated with the greater curvature of the stomach

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25
Q

Peritoneum formations: lesser omentum

A

2 layers of peritoneum associated with the lesser curvature of the stomach

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26
Q

Three ligaments of the greater omentum

A
  1. Gastrophrenic - greater curvature + diaphragm
  2. Gastrosplenic - between greater curvature and spleen
  3. Gastrocolic - between greater curvature and transverse colon (extends past the transverse colon and folds back to make the 4 layer “omental apron”)
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27
Q

Three ligaments of the lesser omentum

A
  1. Hepatoduodenal - contains the portal triad
  2. Hepatogastric
  3. Hepatoesophageal
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28
Q

Portal triad contains?

A

Portal vein, proper hepatic artery & the common bile duct

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29
Q

What connects the greater & lesser peritoneal sacs?

A

Epiploic foramen (or foramen of Winslow)

Located posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament/portal triad

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30
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

Almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum

Spleen, stomach, and transverse colon

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31
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

Only partially covered by peritoneum

Kidneys and most of the pancreas

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32
Q

Abdominal aorta boundaries

A

T12 (aortic hiatus in the diaphragm) to L4 (bifurcation just below umbilicus)

33
Q

Unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

A

Celiac trunk (T12), Superior Mesenteric Artery (L1), Inferior mesenteric artery (L3)

34
Q

Paired branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Suprarenal arteries (L1), renal arteries (L1), and gonadal arteries (L2)

35
Q

Blood supply to gastrointestinal tract?

A
  1. Celiac trunk - foregut. Inferior esophagus to proximal half of duodenum (plus liver, gallbladder, spleen & pancreas)
  2. Superior mesenteric artery - midgut. From distal portion of the duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
  3. Inferior mesenteric artery - hindgut. From distal 1/3 of transverse colon to superior portion of the rectum
36
Q

Branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  1. Left gastric artery (most superior)
  2. Splenic artery (most inferior)
  3. Common hepatic artery (only branch to the right!!)
37
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Begins by the union of the common iliac veins at L5. Passes through the diaphragm at the caval opening (T8)

38
Q

Tributaries of the inferior vena cava?

A

Hepatic veins, renal veins, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein

39
Q

Tributaries of the left renal vein?

A

Left gonadal vein + left suprarenal vein

Note: the left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein because it has to cross the midline to the IVC, which sits more toward the right

40
Q

Tributaries of the portal vein?

A
  1. splenic vein
  2. superior mesenteric vein
  3. Inferior mesenteric vein
41
Q

Borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior: Aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

Posterior: transversalis fascia + conjoint tendon

Roof: Muscle fibers of internal abdominal oblique + transversus abdominus

Floor: Inguinal ligament

42
Q

Borders of the epiploic foramen?

A

Anterior: Hepatoduodenal ligmanet

Posterior: Peritoneum over IVC

Superior: Caudate lobe of liver

Inferior: 1st part of duodenum

43
Q

Autonomic supply to abdominal organs?

A

Via autonomic plexuses that follow arteries to organs. Each plexus contains sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Sympathetic fibers originate from sympathetic chains & parasympathetic fibers original from the vagus up until the splenic flexure and then the pelvic splanchnic (S2, 3, 4)

44
Q

Foregut: organs, blood supply, innervation

A

Esophagus, stomach, duodenum until major duodenal papilla

Arterial Supply: Celiac Trunk

Venous drainage: hepatic portal vein

Innervation: Celiac Plexus

Parasympathetic - Vagus CN X

45
Q

Midgut: organs, blood supply, innervation

A

Duodenum after the major duodenal papilla, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon until left colic flexure

Artery supply: Superior mesenteric artery

Venous drainage: hepatic portal vein

Innervation: Superior mesenteric plexus

Parasympathetic: Vagus CN X

46
Q

Hindgut: organs, blood supply, innervation

A

Descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Artery supply: Inferior mesenteric artery

Venous drainage: hepatic portal vein

Innervation: Inferior mesenteric plexus

Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnics (S2,3,4)

47
Q

Stomach: retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

48
Q

Duodenum: retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal except for the first part (superior portion)

49
Q

Where is the major duodenal papilla located?

A

The descending duodenum

Note: where the foregut becomes the midgut

50
Q

Jejunum and ileum: retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

51
Q

Components of the large intestines?

A

Cecum w/ vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

52
Q

What portions or the large intestines are intraperitoneal?

A

Transverse and sigmoid

53
Q

External features of large intestines

A

Teniae coli - tree thickened bands of longitudinal smooth muscle; converge at the veriform appendix

Haustra - sacculations or pouches of colon between teniae

Epiploic appendages - small fatty outpouchings

54
Q

Blood supply and innervation of the liver?

A

Artery: Common hepatic artery (25%), Hepatic portal vein (75%)

Venous drainage: hepatic veins to IVC

Innervation: celiac plexus

55
Q

Two surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic and visceral

56
Q

Falciform ligament

A

From liver to anterior abdominal wall; separates anatomic larger right lobe from smaller left lobe

57
Q

Round ligament of liver

A

Free thickened edge of falciform ligament; obliterated umbilical vein

58
Q

Bare area of liver

A

In direct contact with diaphragm and not covered by peritoneum

59
Q

Porta hepatis

A

Transmits the portal triad: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct

60
Q

Three parts of the galbladder

A

Fundus, body, neck

61
Q

Blood supply and innervation of the gall bladder

A

Blood supply: cystic artery

62
Q

Which part of the pancreas isn’t retroperitoneal?

A

The tail

63
Q

Parts of the pancreas

A

Head, uncinate process, neck, body, tail

64
Q

Blood supply and innervation of the pancreas

A

Bloody supply: celiac trunk + superior mesenteric artery

Venous drainage: Hepatic Portal Vein

Innervation: Celiac + Superior mesenteric plexuses

65
Q

Spleen surfaces

A

Diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces

66
Q

Blood supply and innervation of the spleen

A

Blood supply: Splenic artery from celiac trunk

Venous drainage: splenic vein to hepatic portal vein

Innervation: celiac plexus

67
Q

Kidney blood supply and innervation

A

Blood supply: renal arteries

Venous drainage: Renal veins to IVC

Innervation: renal plexus

68
Q

Where do the suprarenal arteries arise from?

A

Superior suprarenal arteries (inferior phrenic arteries), middle suprarenal arteries (aorta), inferior suprarenal arteries (renal arteries)

69
Q

Order of structures in the kidney hilum?

A

Vein is anterior, artery is in the middle, pelvis is posterior

70
Q

Caval hiatus

A

T8

IVC, Right phrenic nerve

71
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

T10

Esophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks

72
Q

Aortic hiatus

A

T12

Aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct

73
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, iliacus

74
Q

What narrows to form the thoracic duct at the aortic hiatus?

A

Cisterna chyli

75
Q

Retroperitoneal organs?

A

2nd - 4th sections of duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum (middle 1/3), pancreas (except tail), kidneys, suprarenal glands

76
Q

Intraperitoneal organs?

A

Stomach, first part of the duodenum (bulb), jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, liver, spleen, tail of pancreas

77
Q

What supplies the superior epigastric artery?

A

Internal thoracic artery

Supplies blood to the superior portion of the rectus abdominus!

78
Q

What supplies the inferior epigastric artery?

A

The external iliac artery

Supplies blood to the inferior portion of the rectus abdominus!

MS1 Fall (23 decks)

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