Breast Anatomy Flashcards
What are the risk factors for breast cancer in men?
BRCA2 mutation, heredity, aging, excess body weight, chronic liver disorder, heavy alcohol use, exposure to radiation, petroleum, and combustion products Main risk factor is elevated estrogen levels or family history of breast cancer
What is the arterial supply to the breast?
Internal thoracic (medial), lateral thoracic, and branches of the intercostal arteries (lower aspect)
What is DCIS?
Ductal carcinoma in situ Abnormal cells lining the breast duct; non-invasive, hasn’t spread Treated by radiation or lumpectomy
Where do 50% of breast cancers occur in the breast
Upper left quadrant near axilla
What muscles are under the breast/on the thoracic wall?
Pectoralis major and minor + Serratus anterior
What are physical/external signs of carcinoma of the breast?
Skin dimpling, edema of the skin (Peau d’ orange), nipple retraction and deviation, abnormal contours, dripping, redness/rash
What is lobular carcinoma in situ?
Not cancer but abnormal cells that may progress to cancer Hormone therapy can help
What is hormone receptor positive breast cancer?
Either estrogen positive or progesterone positive Treatment by blocking ability to produce those hormones; Tamoxifen targets estrogen receptors and prevents estrogen from binding there
How is breast tissue attached to skin?
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper)
What is the flow of milk out of the breast?
Lobules -> ductules -> lactiferous duct -> lactiferous sinus -> nipple
What separates the breast from the Pectoralis major?
The retromammary space
Where does majority (75%) of lymphatic drainage go in the breast?
To the anterior pectoral group of lymph nodes
Where does 20% of breast lymphatic drainage go?
The parasternal lymph nodes (which has channels that can connect to the other breast!)
What is triple negative breast cancer?
None of the other types of breast cancer Treatment with chemo, radiation, and surgery
What is fibrocystic breast disease?
Cysts within the breast that may be painful and tender; fluctuate with menstrual cycle At least 50% of women have fibrocystic breast changes during their lives
What are the borders of the breast?
Circular base overlying ribs 2 - 6, extending from the sternal edge to the mid-axillary line
What is breast mastitis?
Inflammatory disorders of the breast - acute mastitis, periductal mastitis (usually in breastfeeding women)
What percentage of breast cancer occurs in men?
Less than 1%
What is HER-2 positive breast cancer?
15-20% of all breast cancers Treated by drugs that bind HER2 receptor & stop the signal for cell growth
What is the Tail of Spence?
The extension of breast tissue that extends into the axilla though the foramen of Langer
What is fibroadenoma?
Non-cancerous, marble-like lump in the breast related to reproductive hormones. Mixture of stromal and epithelial tissue Some MAY become Phyllodes tumors which may become cancerous
What is Paget’s disease?
Affects normal calcium levels in the blood. Causes bones to become more fragile and misshapen and can also affect breast tissue Cells collect around the nipple. Affects ducts first then spreads to nipple and areola
What is breast development called?
Telarche
What is inflammatory breast cancer?
Progresses quickly, either stage 3 or stage 4 Sometimes no lump is present; diagnosed with mamogram
What is the most common type of male breast cancer?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma