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Histology > Oral Structures > Flashcards

Oral Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Human Oral Cavity

A
  • Gateway to digestive system
  • Articulation and resonation of sound
  • modulation of the tongue helps us talk
  • respiration
  • defense - teeth
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2
Q

Spaces of Oral Cavity

A
  • Vestibule - space between lips and gums
  • oral cavity proper
  • Pharynxx - back part of oral cavity
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3
Q

Oral Mucous membrane

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • places with keratinized (a lot of friction) and non keratinized
  • wet almost all of the time
  • sublingual area is permeable to certain substances
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4
Q

External Surface of lips and cheeks

A
  • tough
  • keratinized stratified squamous
  • hair and sweat glands
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5
Q

Vermilion Zone

A
  • Red area of lips
  • transition between keratinized and non keratinized
  • high proportion of capillaries
  • no hair or sweat glands
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6
Q

internal surface of lips and cheeks

A
  • oral mucosa
  • non keratinized
  • tethered to underlying muscle at intervals resulting in many folds
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7
Q

Two main regions of the tooth

A 
Crown
- white part of the tooth
- formed (covered) by enamel
Root
- inside the gums
Neck
- between the crown and root
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8
Q

Enamel

A
  • Made from calcium crystals

- strongest component in the human body

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9
Q

Dentin

A
  • forms majority of the tooth
  • under the enamel
  • contains collagen and mineral
  • harder than bone but not enamel
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10
Q

Pulp

A
  • within dentin
  • connective tissue
  • contains capillaries and nerves
  • where you feel a tooth ache
  • Apical foramen - communication between the pulp and bottom of tooth (root canal)
  • Under the odontoblasts
  • as more dentin is laid down, the pulp cavity diminishes in size
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11
Q

Cementum

A
  • bone layer of tooth root
  • attaches tooth to periodontal ligament
  • separates dentin from periodontal ligament
  • produced by cementocytes
  • Rich in calcium
  • Contains Sharpey’s Fibers
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12
Q

Periodontal ligament

A
  • Flexible
  • shock absorber
  • allows for wiggle movement
  • anchors tooth in bony socket of the jaw
  • continuous with gingiva (gums)
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13
Q

Ameloblasts

A
  • produce enamel rods
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14
Q

Odontoblasts

A
  • produce predentin
  • predintin matures to dentin
  • contain odontoblast processes which entend into small canals (dentinal tubules)
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15
Q

Alveolar Processes

A
  • Alveolar bone of maxillary/mandible bones

- Form sockets for dental roots

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16
Q

Gingiva

A
  • Attached to bone on one side and teeth on the other
  • Gingival Sulcus- has a depth that is associated with healthy teeth
  • the gingival sulcus is lined by non keratinized epithelium
17
Q

Development of Teeth

A
  • Crown forms before the root
  • root forms when crown is mostly completed and we have tooth eruption
  • Bud Stage - invagination that forms a bud
  • Cap stage - bud continues to form and creates a cap that deepens, also a second bud forms (origin of permanent tooth)
  • Bell stage - bell structure is formed and pushes through forming the tooth (baby tooth)
18
Q

Enamel organ

A
  • ectodermal origin

- cellular down growth of oral epithelium which forms enamel related structures

19
Q

Dental lamina

A
  • serves as the origin for the permanent tooth
20
Q

Dental papilla

A
  • Mesodermal origin
  • forms the pulp
  • forms dentin related structures
21
Q

Mesenchyme

A
  • dental sac

- forms cementoblasts and periodontal ligament

22
Q

Palate

A 
Hard Palate
- front part (2/3 of the palate)
- Bone
Soft Palate
- in the back of the mouth
- contains the uvula
- large number of taste buds
Both contain some salivary glands that produce mucous
- salivary glands in the lip as well
23
Q

The tongue

A
  • allows to talk, masticate, suckle, swallow and taste
  • Papillae - involved in taste
  • Primarily striated muscle
Oral Portion 
- most of the papillae involved in tasting
- smooth on the bottom
- top is more rough
Pharyngeal Portion
- where the tonsils are 
Terminal Sulcus
- separates the oral and pharyngeal portions
24
Q

Filiform Papillae

A
  • Most abundant
  • Keratinized
  • do not have taste buds
25
Q

Fungiform Papillae

A
  • look like mushrooms

- contain a few taste buds

26
Q

Circumvallate Papillae

A
  • Majority of the taste buds
  • just in front of sulcus terminalis
  • also called Vallate Papillae
27
Q

Taste Buds

A
  • connected with sensory innervation - produce different sensations
  • innervated by nerves

Gustatory Cells

  • contain microvilli
  • Taste detection

Supportive Cells

Basal Stem cells
- needed for the high turnover of injured cells

Taste Pore
- where microvilli are located

28
Q

Lingual Tonsils

A
  • located in the pharyngeal portion of the tongue
  • lymphoid nodules
  • Have epithelial glands - minor salivary glands that produce mucous
29
Q

Saliva

A
  • Main composition is water
  • Contains proteins - in the mucin group
  • Enzymes - involved in digestion
  • Electrolytes for tissue environment
  • Antimicrobial factors
30
Q

Major Salivary Glands

A
  • Produce Saliva
  • Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
  • encapsulated
31
Q

Minor Salivary glands

A
  • All over
  • not encapsulated
  • short ducts
  • secrete mucous on the lip, back of the tongue and other locations
32
Q

Cell types of Major Salivary Glands

A

Serous cells
- contain secretory granules

Mucous Cells
- secrete mucin

Myoepithelial Cells

  • Have properties of epithelial cells and muscle cells which surround the duct and secretory portions
  • Facilitate the movement of saliva

Plasma cells

  • secrete IgA
  • antimicrobial component
33
Q

Salivary Secretory Control

A
  • Opposite effects
  • Parasympathetic stimulation produces less saliva
  • Sympathetic stimulation produces more saliva
  • Superior Salivary Nucleus - controls sublingual glands and submandibular glands
  • Inferior Salviary nucleus - innervates the parotid glands
34
Q

Salivary Secretion

A
  • Primary secretion by acini

- Striated ducts contribute to electrolyte addition to saliva

35
Q

Parotid Glands

A
  • Produce 25 % of saliva
  • Back of the mouth
  • innervated by facial nerve
  • Serous type - many granules
  • Largest salivary duct
  • Secretes water, electrolytes and amylase
  • Has plasma cells - produce IgA
  • Opens to outside on inner surface of cheek - Stenson’s Duct
  • Abundant interstitial fat
36
Q

Submandibular Glands

A
  • Produce 70% of saliva
  • Mixed type - majority serous with some mucous
  • Has serous demilunes
  • Primarily tubuloalveolar
  • Open on the floor of the mouth - Wharton’s duct
  • Little or no interstitial fat
37
Q

Sublingual Glands

A
  • produce 5% of saliva
  • smallest
  • predominately mucus
  • Occasional demilunes
  • Multiple ducts that open posteriorly to the submandibular ducts - Bartholin’s Duct
  • No interstitial fat
38
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • Conducts food from oral cavity to esophagus

- stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

39
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • Conducts air from the nasal cavities to the larynx and trachea
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)

Histology (25 decks)

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