Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory System

A
  • one of two vascular systems in the body

- Circulates blood, uses heart as a pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymphoid System

A
  • one of two vascular systems in the body
  • Unidirectional
  • No pump
  • Lymphatic fluid will be drained in the lymph nodes and will make its way into the circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Lined by single layer of endothelial cells
  • Connected by cell junctions
  • Has a basal lamina outside around endothelial cell
  • Contains pericytes around basal lamina which provide nutrients and maintain viability of endothelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Continuous Capillary

A
  • most common

- found in muscle, skin, lung and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fenstrated Capillary

A
  • Located in intestines, endocrine system, kidneys
  • In the kidneys there is a thick basement membrane and no diaphragm
  • have fenstrations spanned by diaphragms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillaries

A
  • Located in liver, spleen, bone marrow and endocrine system

- Contain large holes (gaps) where an entire cell can squeeze through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Capillary Exchange Mechanisms

A
  • Open pores/gaps
  • Diffusion
  • Filtration
  • Vesicular transport (transcytosis)
  • Transendothelial channels- Vesciles join together to form a channel - allows rapid movement of cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vesicular Transport

A
  • Mechanism of capillary exchange

- System of pinocytotic pits and vesicles which move large molecules across the endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Secretory and Metabolic Functions of Endothelial Cells

A
  • Adhesion molecules (diapedesis)
  • Produce vasoactive compounds ( NO for vasodilation, endothelin for vasoconstriction
  • Anti thrombogenic factors (anti clotting)
  • Metabolic conversions (angiotensin I to II, vasoconstriction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tunica Intima

A
  • Endothelium
  • Connective Tissue
  • Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tunica Media

A
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Elastic Fibers
  • External Elastic Lamina (EEL)
  • Thicker in arteries, thinner in veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A
  • Connective Tissue
  • vasa vorum
  • nerves
  • Thinner in arteries, thicker in veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elastic Arteries (aorta)

A
  • Large Lumen
  • Thick tunica interna
  • 40+ layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
  • Thin Tunica adventitia
  • A lot of elastic fibers throughout tunica media
  • needs to have elasticity of aorta for it to expand and contract with the pumping of the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscular (Distributing) Arteries

A
  • Thin tunica intima
  • up to 40 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
  • thin tunica adventitia
  • Internal and external elastic laminas
  • elastic lamina’s looked scalloped due to no longer being under pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arteriole

A
  • Smaller lumen
  • Thin tunica intima
  • 2-5 layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media
  • Thin tunica adventitia
  • may or may not have internal elastic lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arteriovenous anastomosis

A

Seen in skin

- arteriole may short circuit and skip the capillary bed and go straight to venule

17
Q

Arteriole-Capillary-Arteriole

A
  • seen in kidney

- ***

18
Q

Venule- capillary- venule Portal system

A
  • Seen in the liver

- ***

19
Q

Venule (collecting)

A
  • Small lumen
  • Thin tunica intima
  • no smooth muslce in tunica media
  • Thin tunica adventitia
  • no elastic lamina
20
Q

Venule (muscular)

A
  • Slightly larger lumen than the collecting venule
  • thin tunica intima
  • 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
  • thin tunica adventitia
  • no elastic lamina
21
Q

Small to medium Vein

A
  • Larger lumen than venule
  • Thin tunica intima (with valves)
  • Thin or absent tunica media
  • Thick tunica adventitia
  • Internal elastic lamina (vague) (almost non existent)
22
Q

Large Veins (vena cava)

A
  • Large Lumen
  • Thick tunica intima
  • Thin (several layers) of smooth muscle in tunica media (smooth muscle runs planar)
  • Thick tunica adventitia with longitudinal smooth muscle bundles (runs perpendicular to the smooth muscle in tunica media)
  • Internal elastic lamina
  • Contains vasa vasorum which are blood vessels within blood vessels providing nutrients
23
Q

Valves in Veins

A
  • Facilitate unidirectional blood flow in veins
24
Q

Evolution of the Heart

A
  • Fish- mixing of oxy and deoxygenated blood
  • Amphibians- separtaion of atria- still some mixing
  • Reptiles- partial separation of ventricles and partial separation of oxy and deoxy blood
  • Mammals- total separation with 4 chambers
25
Q

Structure of the heart

A
  • built on a cardiac skeleton of high density collagen connective tissue
  • 3 layers
    1) Endocardium (inner lining)- homologous to tunica intima
    2) Myocardium- homologous to tunica media
    3) Epicardium (outer surface)- homologous to tunica adventitia
  • Resides in a sac called the pericardium
26
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A
  • In the endocardium

- facilitate the signaling events that regulate the contraction of the heart

27
Q

Signal Transduction through the heart

A
  • Sinoatrial node (SA node)- pacemaker of the heart, continuously releases a wave of depolarization
  • this is sent to the atrioventricular node (AV node)
  • It is then sent to the bundle of His
  • Then to purkinje fibers
  • Apex of the heart is the first to receive the wave of depolarization
28
Q

Lympatic System Functions

A
  • return excess 10% of interstitial fluid to blood
  • Transport lipids absorbed from intestines
  • Immunologic support
29
Q

Lymphokinetic Motion and Pressure Gradient

A

Blood Capillaries (highest pressure)—> Interstitial fluid—> Lymph capillaries—> Lymph veins—> Lymph ducts—> Large circulatory veins, vena cava (lowest pressure)

30
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A
  • have unique permeability characteristics, filaments (elastic fibers)
  • anchor to connective tissue
31
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • All lymph gets filtered by at least one lymph node before it re enters the blood

Histology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions