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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A
  • Lamina propria

- always irregular

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2
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A
  • Ligaments

- Tendons

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3
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A
  • Dermis
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4
Q

Connective Tissue with Special Properties

A
  • Adipose Tissue- Fat cells
  • Elastic Tissue - Elastic Fibers
  • Hematopoietic
  • Mucous Tissue- Lining GI, Respiratory and Reproductive Tracts
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5
Q

Fibroblast, Chondroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast

A
  • Production of fibers and ground substance

- Structural

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6
Q

Plasma Cell

A
  • Production of antibodies
  • Immunologic (defense)
  • Have eccentric nucleus
  • Have abundance of Rough ER
  • Cartwheel arrangement of heterochromatin
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7
Q

Lymphocyte (several types)

A
  • Production of immunocompetent cells

- Immunologic (defense)

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8
Q

Eosinophil

A
  • Participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions
  • modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory response
  • Immunologic (defense)
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9
Q

Neutrophil

A
  • Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria

- defense

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10
Q

Macrophage

A
  • Secretion of cytokines and other molecules
  • Phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria
  • antigen processing and presentation
  • defense
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11
Q

Mast cell and Basophils

A
  • Inflammatory response

- Defense (participate in allergic reactions)

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12
Q

Adipose Cell

A
  • Storage of fats
  • energy reservoir
  • heat production
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13
Q

Unilocular Adipocyte

A
  • One lipid Droplet
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14
Q

Multilocular Adipocyte

A
  • many lipid droplets
  • Brown Fat- in some animals and babies
  • Increases surface area to volume ratio
  • Way for adipocytes to rapidly generate heat
  • Abundant Mitochondria
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15
Q

Mast Cell Secretion

A
  1. IgE molecules are bound to surface receptors
  2. After a second exposure to an antigen, IgE molecules bound to receptors are cross linked by the antigen
  3. Ca enters the cell
  4. Leads to intracellular fusion of specific granules and exocytosis of their contents
    - Heparin, Histamine, Proteoglycans, ECF-A
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16
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

A
  • unbranched polymeric disaccharide containing amino sugars
  • Disaccharide (2 sugar molecules), one of them has an amino group
  • polymeric - means yo have many of these disaccharide molecules
17
Q

Proteoglycans

A
  • several chains of glycosaminoglycans bound to a core protein
18
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Protein with branched sugars coming off of it

19
Q

Integrins

A
  • Dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits
  • these determine what it binds to
  • Link to extracellular components
20
Q

Functions of Collagen

A

1) Adhesion- Discrete and restricted to cells and tissues
2) Skeletal - established in vertebrates
3) Protective- Dermis
4) Messenger- acts on cell behavior

21
Q

Synthesis of Collagen

A
  • Synthesis of aplha chains of preprocollagen with registration peptides.
  • Clipping of signal peptide
  • Hydroxylation occurs in the ER. Vitamin C dependent (cofactor)
  • Gylcoslylation occurs
  • Procollagen molecule is assembled as a triple helix which occurs via registration peptides
  • Procollagen goes to Golgi
  • Packaged into secretory vesicles
  • Transported to cell surface
  • Discharged into extracellular space, Procollagen peptidases cleave it to form tropocollagen, which aggregates to form collagen fibrils
22
Q

Evolution of Elastic Fibers

A
  • Present in jawed but not jawless

- Elastin first appeared phylogenetically with the evolution of closed high pressure circulatory systems

23
Q

Fibrillin (oxytalan)

A
  • zonule fibers- connect ciliary body to lens

- gives structural integrity for elastin

24
Q

Elaunin

A
  • Accumulation of fibrillin

- Around sweat glands

25
Q

Orcein

A
  • most common stain to visualize elastic fibers in tissue sections
26
Q

Reticular Fibers

A
  • simply type III Collagen
  • Enriched in lymphoid organs and tissues (Lymph nodes and spleen)
  • Stain black with silver based stains
27
Q

Arteriole End

A
  • Hydrostatic Pressure exceeds osmotic pressure

- Flows out of arteriole

28
Q

Venule End

A
  • Osmotic pressure exceeds Hydrostatic pressure

- flows into venule

Histology (25 decks)

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