Connective Tissue Flashcards
Loose Connective Tissue
- Lamina propria
- always irregular
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
- Ligaments
- Tendons
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- Dermis
Connective Tissue with Special Properties
- Adipose Tissue- Fat cells
- Elastic Tissue - Elastic Fibers
- Hematopoietic
- Mucous Tissue- Lining GI, Respiratory and Reproductive Tracts
Fibroblast, Chondroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast
- Production of fibers and ground substance
- Structural
Plasma Cell
- Production of antibodies
- Immunologic (defense)
- Have eccentric nucleus
- Have abundance of Rough ER
- Cartwheel arrangement of heterochromatin
Lymphocyte (several types)
- Production of immunocompetent cells
- Immunologic (defense)
Eosinophil
- Participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions
- modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory response
- Immunologic (defense)
Neutrophil
- Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria
- defense
Macrophage
- Secretion of cytokines and other molecules
- Phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria
- antigen processing and presentation
- defense
Mast cell and Basophils
- Inflammatory response
- Defense (participate in allergic reactions)
Adipose Cell
- Storage of fats
- energy reservoir
- heat production
Unilocular Adipocyte
- One lipid Droplet
Multilocular Adipocyte
- many lipid droplets
- Brown Fat- in some animals and babies
- Increases surface area to volume ratio
- Way for adipocytes to rapidly generate heat
- Abundant Mitochondria
Mast Cell Secretion
- IgE molecules are bound to surface receptors
- After a second exposure to an antigen, IgE molecules bound to receptors are cross linked by the antigen
- Ca enters the cell
- Leads to intracellular fusion of specific granules and exocytosis of their contents
- Heparin, Histamine, Proteoglycans, ECF-A
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
- unbranched polymeric disaccharide containing amino sugars
- Disaccharide (2 sugar molecules), one of them has an amino group
- polymeric - means yo have many of these disaccharide molecules
Proteoglycans
- several chains of glycosaminoglycans bound to a core protein
Glycoprotein
Protein with branched sugars coming off of it
Integrins
- Dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits
- these determine what it binds to
- Link to extracellular components
Functions of Collagen
1) Adhesion- Discrete and restricted to cells and tissues
2) Skeletal - established in vertebrates
3) Protective- Dermis
4) Messenger- acts on cell behavior
Synthesis of Collagen
- Synthesis of aplha chains of preprocollagen with registration peptides.
- Clipping of signal peptide
- Hydroxylation occurs in the ER. Vitamin C dependent (cofactor)
- Gylcoslylation occurs
- Procollagen molecule is assembled as a triple helix which occurs via registration peptides
- Procollagen goes to Golgi
- Packaged into secretory vesicles
- Transported to cell surface
- Discharged into extracellular space, Procollagen peptidases cleave it to form tropocollagen, which aggregates to form collagen fibrils
Evolution of Elastic Fibers
- Present in jawed but not jawless
- Elastin first appeared phylogenetically with the evolution of closed high pressure circulatory systems
Fibrillin (oxytalan)
- zonule fibers- connect ciliary body to lens
- gives structural integrity for elastin
Elaunin
- Accumulation of fibrillin
- Around sweat glands
