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Head And Neck > Oral Cavity, TMJ And Tongue > Flashcards

Oral Cavity, TMJ And Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the roof of the oral cavity?

A

Hard and soft palate

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2
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity?

A

Cheek

Buccinator muscle

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3
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

Oral fissure

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4
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus

Opening to oropharynx

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5
Q

What is the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Tongue and other soft tissues

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6
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

Space between teeth and cheek/lips

Running tongue along outside of teeth

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7
Q

What are alternative names for the anterior and posterior arches of the oral cavity?

A 
Anterior = palatoglossal 
Posterior = palatopharyngeal
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8
Q

What muscles form part of the soft palate and what is their function?

A

Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Tense and elevate the soft palate during yawning and swallowing

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Vagus nerve

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10
Q

What is the sign in the oral cavity if the vagus nerve is damaged?

A

Uvula pulled AWAY FROM side of affected nerve

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11
Q

Describe the limbs of the gag reflex

A 
Afferent = glossopharyngeal - sensory to back of tongue and throat 
Efferent = vagus - motor to pharyngeal muscles of soft palate
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12
Q

Name the different types of teeth in the mouth from front to back

A 
Central incisor 
Lateral incisor
Canine 
First premolar
Second premolar
First molar
Second molar
Third molar/wisdom tooth
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13
Q

What is the sensory supply to the lower jaw?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

Branch of V3

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14
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and give their action?

A

Styloglossus - elevate
Hyoglossus - depress and retract
Genioglossus - protrude

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15
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and their actions

A

Superior and inferior longitudinal - curl up or down
Vertical - flatten tongue
Transverse - pull in tongue, make smaller and rounder

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16
Q

Which nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal

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17
Q

Describe the innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

General sensory = V3 (mandibular of trigeminal)

Special sensory = VII (chorda tympani of facial nerve)

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18
Q

Describe the innervation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

General and special sensory via glossopharyngeal nerve

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19
Q

Which is the only tongue muscle not innervated by hypoglossal and which nerve innervates it?

A

Palatoglossus

Vagus

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20
Q

If there is a lesion of hypoglossal nerve, how will it present in the tongue?

A

Tongue deviation TOWARDS the side of the lesion

21
Q

Give the names of the ducts that the parotid and submandibular glands drain via

A 
Parotid = Stenson's 
Submandibular = Wharton's
22
Q

Which salivary gland has many ducts?

A

Sublingual

23
Q

Salivary stones are usually …. based

A

Calcium

24
Q

Which is the most common salivary gland to get a stone in and why?

A

Submandibular

Normal salvia is comparatively thicker from here

25
Q

What are the Sx of a salivary stone?

A

Pain or swelling of a gland at meal times

26
Q

What are the most common viral causes of tonsillitis?

A

Rhinovirus

Adenovirus

27
Q

What are the most common bacterial causes of tonsillitis?

A

Beta haemolytic strep

28
Q

How do we tell the difference between bacterial and viral tonsillitis?

A 
Viral = Sx of URTI eg. Dry cough 
Bacterial = lymphadenopathy, fever and pus (often absence of cough)
29
Q

What is a peritonsillar abscess?

A

Quinsy

Severe complication of bacterial tonsillitis

30
Q

Which bacteria are most likely to cause quinsy?

A

Strep pyogenes
Staph aureus
H influenzae

31
Q

Describe the signs and Sx of quinsy

A

Systemically unwell and trismus
Pain in mouth - cannot open much
Drooling due to dysphagia
Unilateral - uvula may deviate away

32
Q

What is the Mx for quinsy?

A

Same day referral to ENT

Drainage and Abx

33
Q

Describe the TMJ

A 
Jaw joint
Modified synovial hinge joint 
Between cranium (temporal bone) and mandible
34
Q

Where does the condyle of the mandible sit?

A

In the mandibular fossa of the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

35
Q

What are the 3 ligaments supporting the TMJ?

A

Lateral lig (TM lig) - main one
Stylomandibular lig
Sphenomandibular lig

36
Q

Which muscles elevate the mandible?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

37
Q

Which muscles depress the mandible?

A

GRAVITY!

Lateral pterygoid, supra and infrahyoid

38
Q

Which muscle protrudes the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid

39
Q

Which muscle retrudes the mandible?

A

Temporalis

40
Q

Which muscles cause lateral movements of mandible?

A

Temporalis (on same side)
Pterygoids (of opposite side)
Masseter

41
Q

What are the muscles of mastication and what nerve innervates them?

A

Temporalis, masseter and pterygoids

Mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)

42
Q

What is the common mechanism of TMJ dislocation?

A

Blow to the side of chin when the mouth is open

Anterior dislocation

43
Q

What is temporal arteritis?

A

A type of vasculitis
Causes TMJ pain
Must always think of because pt can lose eyesight
Rare

44
Q

What is bruxism?

A

Grinding of teeth

45
Q

What is the infratemporal fossa?

A

Irregularly shaped space deep and inferior to the zygomatic arch and deep to ramus of the mandible

46
Q

What is the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A 
Inferior part of temporalis muscle 
Lateral and medial pterygoid 
Maxillary artery 
Pterygoid venous plexus 
Lots of nerves (V3 and branches of, chorda tympani and otic ganglion)
47
Q

What is the otic ganglion?

A

PNS supply to parotid gland

Glossopharyngeal nerve

48
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Isolated infections can occur here (rare)
Infections can causes cavernous sinus thrombosis - connected via venous plexus
And fossa can be used as a site for mandibular nerve block

Head And Neck (11 decks)

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