General Organisation Flashcards
What are the compartments in the neck separated by?
Fascia (fibrous sheets of tissue)
How many layers of superficial fascia in the neck are there?
1
How many layers of deep fascia in the neck are there?
4
What is the general difference between superficial and deep fascia in the neck?
Superficial = loose CT Deep = dense CT
Name the first layer of deep fascia in the neck
Investing layer
Name the 2nd layer of deep fascia in the neck
Carotid sheath
Describe the contents of the carotid sheath
Carotid artery (common -> internal)
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Name the 3rd layer of deep cervical fascia
Pre-vertebral fascia
Name the 4th layer of deep cervical fascia
Pre-tracheal
Name the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia
Investing
Carotid sheath
Pre-vertebral
Pre-tracheal
Which muscles are encased within the investing layer of fascia?
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
What do we find within superficial cervical fascia?
Veins
Superficial lymph nodes
Cutaneous nerves
Platysma muscle
Describe the retropharyngeal space
Between the buccopharyngeal fascia (of pre-tracheal) and the pre-vertebral fascia
Bounded laterally by carotid sheaths
Runs down to the mediastinum
What do we call the 2 parts of the cranium?
Neurocranium (enclosing brain)
Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
How many bones make up the skull?
22
How many cervical vertebrae do we have?
7
What structure forms the Adam’s apple in men?
Thyroid cartilage
How many infrahyoid muscles are there?
4
What are the main muscles of the neck?
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
We can divide the pre-tracheal fascia into 2 parts called …
Visceral
Muscular
Where do the pre- or paravertebral muscles extend from and to?
Extend from base of skull into thorax
At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?
C4
Where does the anterior part of the pre-tracheal fascia extend to?
Hyoid bone
What is the action of platysma?
Draws corners of mouth inferiorly
Draws skin of neck superiorly if teeth clenched
What nerve innervates the platysma?
Facial nerve (VII)
What are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid?
Mastoid process to clavicle and sternum
What are the action of sternocleidomastoid?
Unilateral = lateral flexion of neck, rotate chin superiorly (opposite way) Bilateral = flexion at neck, extension of atlanto-occipital joint
Which nerve innervate sternocleidomastoid?
Accessory nerve (XI)
What are the actions of trapezius?
Elevate and rotate scapula (shrug shoulders)
What nerve innervates the trapezius?
Accessory nerve (XI)
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
Midline of the neck
Anterior margin sternocleidomastoid
Inferior margin of mandible
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
Posterior margin sternocleidomastoid
Anterior margin trapezius
Clavicle
What 2 spaces in the neck extend into the mediastinum?
Retropharyngeal
Pre-tracheal
Which nerve tends to innervate muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve (VII)
Which nerve tends to innervate muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal (V)
How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have and name them?
3 key branches
Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular
Which branch of trigeminal tends to provide motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular branch
What is the main sensory nerve to face and scalp?
Trigeminal nerve
What are the 5 key terminal branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical
Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve
What is the main blood supply to the neck and face?
Facial artery branch of external carotid
What is the main vein draining the head and neck?
Internal jugular
What are the main muscles of mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial and lateral pterygoid
Where does the carotid sheath run?
Arch of aorta to base of skull
