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Head And Neck > General Organisation > Flashcards

General Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments in the neck separated by?

A

Fascia (fibrous sheets of tissue)

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2
Q

How many layers of superficial fascia in the neck are there?

A

1

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3
Q

How many layers of deep fascia in the neck are there?

A

4

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4
Q

What is the general difference between superficial and deep fascia in the neck?

A 
Superficial = loose CT 
Deep = dense CT
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5
Q

Name the first layer of deep fascia in the neck

A

Investing layer

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6
Q

Name the 2nd layer of deep fascia in the neck

A

Carotid sheath

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7
Q

Describe the contents of the carotid sheath

A

Carotid artery (common -> internal)
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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8
Q

Name the 3rd layer of deep cervical fascia

A

Pre-vertebral fascia

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9
Q

Name the 4th layer of deep cervical fascia

A

Pre-tracheal

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10
Q

Name the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia

A

Investing
Carotid sheath
Pre-vertebral
Pre-tracheal

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11
Q

Which muscles are encased within the investing layer of fascia?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

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12
Q

What do we find within superficial cervical fascia?

A

Veins
Superficial lymph nodes
Cutaneous nerves
Platysma muscle

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13
Q

Describe the retropharyngeal space

A

Between the buccopharyngeal fascia (of pre-tracheal) and the pre-vertebral fascia
Bounded laterally by carotid sheaths
Runs down to the mediastinum

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14
Q

What do we call the 2 parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium (enclosing brain)

Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

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15
Q

How many bones make up the skull?

A

22

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16
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do we have?

A

7

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17
Q

What structure forms the Adam’s apple in men?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

How many infrahyoid muscles are there?

A

4

19
Q

What are the main muscles of the neck?

A

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

20
Q

We can divide the pre-tracheal fascia into 2 parts called …

A

Visceral

Muscular

21
Q

Where do the pre- or paravertebral muscles extend from and to?

A

Extend from base of skull into thorax

22
Q

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?

A

C4

23
Q

Where does the anterior part of the pre-tracheal fascia extend to?

A

Hyoid bone

24
Q

What is the action of platysma?

A

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly

Draws skin of neck superiorly if teeth clenched

25
Q

What nerve innervates the platysma?

A

Facial nerve (VII)

26
Q

What are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Mastoid process to clavicle and sternum

27
Q

What are the action of sternocleidomastoid?

A 
Unilateral = lateral flexion of neck, rotate chin superiorly (opposite way) 
Bilateral = flexion at neck, extension of atlanto-occipital joint
28
Q

Which nerve innervate sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve (XI)

29
Q

What are the actions of trapezius?

A

Elevate and rotate scapula (shrug shoulders)

30
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (XI)

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Midline of the neck
Anterior margin sternocleidomastoid
Inferior margin of mandible

32
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Posterior margin sternocleidomastoid
Anterior margin trapezius
Clavicle

33
Q

What 2 spaces in the neck extend into the mediastinum?

A

Retropharyngeal

Pre-tracheal

34
Q

Which nerve tends to innervate muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve (VII)

35
Q

Which nerve tends to innervate muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal (V)

36
Q

How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have and name them?

A

3 key branches

Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

37
Q

Which branch of trigeminal tends to provide motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular branch

38
Q

What is the main sensory nerve to face and scalp?

A

Trigeminal nerve

39
Q

What are the 5 key terminal branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
40
Q

Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

41
Q

What is the main blood supply to the neck and face?

A

Facial artery branch of external carotid

42
Q

What is the main vein draining the head and neck?

A

Internal jugular

43
Q

What are the main muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial and lateral pterygoid

44
Q

Where does the carotid sheath run?

A

Arch of aorta to base of skull

Head And Neck (11 decks)

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