Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head And Neck > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

How many parts is the ear split into and what are they?

A

3

External, middle and inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the medical term for ear pain?

A

Otalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive

Sensorineural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ear is within which bone?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The external ear runs from … to…

A

Pinna/auricle to the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of the external ear?

A

Collect, transmit and focus sound waves onto the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do we call the fold at the very top of the outer ear?

A

Helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do we call the dangly bottom part of the external ear?

A

Lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the composition of the pinna

A

Elastic cartilage with skin closely adhered to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do you get Boxer’s/Cauliflower ear?

A

After repeated trauma to the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

A

Infection
Shingles of the facial nerve
Causes vesicles is ear and facial nerve palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a pinna haematoma and why is it dangerous?

A

Secondary to blunt injury to pinna
Accumulation of blood between cartilage and perichondrium
Perichondrium supplies blood to cartilage therefore this can lead to loss of blood supply and/or pressure necrosis of the cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Mx do we need for pinna haematoma?

A

Prompt drainage
Measures to prevent reaccumulation
Reapposition of the 2 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of the external acoustic meatus

A 
Skin lined curl-de-sac 
keratinised
Sigmoid shape 
Cartilaginous outer 1/3
Bony inner 2/3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do we straighten the ear to look inside?

A

Pull the ear up and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the EAM self clean?

A

Ear wax

Migration to outer part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the length of the EAM?

A

2.5 cm

18
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Very common
Infection and inflammation - ear canal swells, very painful
‘Swimmer’s ear’
Can be hard to tolerate the ear examination
Treat with ear drops: Abx or steroid

19
Q

Describe the tympanic membrane

A

Pearly, translucent, tightly stretched, fibrous CT

20
Q

What features can be seen looking at the tympanic membrane?

A 
Long process of incus 
Handle of malleus (middle)
Pars flaccida (loose tissue above malleus) 
Pars Tessa 
Cone of light
21
Q

What compromises the middle ear?

A

Ossicles

Air filled cavity - tympanic cavity

22
Q

What is the role of the ossicles?

A

Amplify vibration from membrane to cochlea via the oval window

23
Q

What is the order that vibrations travel through the ossicles?

A

Malleus > incus > stapes

24
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

Allows equilibration of pressure in middle ear with the atmosphere
Ventilation and drainage of mucus
Middle ear to nasopharynx

25
Q

Describe otitis media with effusion

A

(Glue ear)
Not an actual infection
Build up of fluid and negative pressure in middle ear
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Decreased mobility of membrane and ossicles - affects hearing
Most resolve spontaneously - some need grommets

26
Q

Describe otitis media

A 
Acute middle ear infection 
More common in infants/children 
Otalgia 
Temperature 
Red +/- bulging T membrane and loss of features of TM
27
Q

Why are middle ear infections more common in children?

A

Eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal

28
Q

What are some complications of otitis media?

A

TM perforation
Facial nerve palsy
Rare = mastoiditis, meningitis

29
Q

What are mastoid cells?

A

Air cells of bone that communicate with the middle ear

30
Q

Describe mastoiditis

A

Red and swollen behind ear
Ear pushed forward
Refer straight to hospital

31
Q

Which part of the facial nerve runs through the middle ear and what does it supply?

A

Chorda tympani branch

Supplies taste to anterior 2/3 tongue

32
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Skin cells get trapped and grow - small pocket forms at top of middle ear
Not malignant but slowly erodes into structures eg. Ossicles
Usually secondary to recurring/chronic ear infections

33
Q

What makes up the inner ear?

A

Vestibular apparatus and cochlea

34
Q

What is the role of the vestibular apparatus?

A

Sense of position and balance

35
Q

What is the role of the cochlea?

A

Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals

36
Q

How many semicircular canals do we have?

A

3

37
Q

Where are the special sensory cells of the ear?

A

In the cochlear duct

38
Q

Where is the problem with sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Cochlear or nerve supplying it

39
Q

Where is the problem in conductive hearing loss?

A

External or middle ear

40
Q

Describe how sound moves from vibrations to the brain

A

Vibration of ossicles
Movement of cochlear fluid
Sensed by nerve cells of cochlear duct in spiral organ of Corti
Trigger APs in the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
To the brain

41
Q

Why do we have 3 semicircular canals?

A

Arranged in different planes

Sense different movements

42
Q

Give some problems with the vestibular apparatus

A

Vertigo
Ménière’s disease
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Head And Neck (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions