Blood Vessels Flashcards
Where is the internal jugular vein located in the neck?
Deep to SCM
Lateral to common carotid artery
Closely associated with lymph nodes
The subclavian artery gives rise to …
Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical artery (trunk)
Does the common carotid artery give off any branches in the neck?
No
Where does the common carotid bifurcate?
Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
Which blood vessel gives off branches in the neck?
External carotid artery
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
Ascending and transverse cervical
Suprascapular
Inferior thyroid artery
Which artery goes on to supply the circle of Willis?
Internal carotid
What is the carotid sinus?
At region of bifurcation
Has baroreceptors to detect changes in arterial BP
Glossopharyngeal nerve - sensory
What is the carotid body?
Peripheral chemoreceptors which detect arterial oxygen
What lies within the carotid sheath?
Common carotid a
IJV
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Superior = posterior belly of digastric Lateral = SCM Medial = superior belly of omohyoid
What lies within the carotid triangle?
IJV
Bifurcation of common carotid
How many branches does the external carotid a have?
8 branches
2 are terminal
What are the 8 branches of external carotid?
Superior thyroid Lingual Facial Ascending pharyngeal Occipital Posterior auricular Superficial temporal (terminal) Maxillary (terminal)
Which blood vessels supply the scalp?
From external carotid: superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital
From internal carotid: supra-orbital and supra-trochlear
What are the layers of the scalp?
SCALP S = skin C = CT (dense) A = aponeurosis L = loose CT P = periosteum
Where do the blood vessels of the scalp lie?
In the dense CT layer (subcutaneous)
Why does the scalp bleed profusely?
Extensive anastomoses
Arteries in dense CT layer - limits constriction of arteries
If aponeurosis damaged, opposing pull of occipitofrontalis increases tear
Blood supply to the skull (bone) is mostly…
Middle meningeal artery
Which veins unite at medial angle of eye to form the angular vein?
Supra-orbital
Supra-trochlear
The angular veins drains into the …
Facial vein
How can infection from scalp spread to the meninges?
Veins of scalp connected to diploic veins via emissary veins
Emissary veins are valveless therefore blood can flow in either direction
Where can the facial artery pulse be felt?
Inferior border of mandible
Anterior to masseter muscle
Which artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from?
Maxillary artery
Where are dural venous sinuses found?
Between the periosteal ad meningeal layers of dura
Sigmoid sinuses continue as which vessel?
Internal jugular vein
Which nerves are found in the cavernous sinus?
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Ophthalmic and maxillary branches of trigeminal (V1 and V2)
Do veins of the face have valves?
No
Where do deep facial veins drain to?
Pterygoid venous plexus
Where is the danger triangle of the face?
Upper lip to the point between the eyebrows
Covering the whole nose
What is the danger triangle?
The area at which infections could spread to the dural venous system
How do we measure JVP?
Pulsation observed through muscle, cannot palpate
Use pt RHS, turn their head to left
Pt at 45 degrees
Measure height of pulsations from sternal angle then add 5cm
(Gives cm from the RA)
