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Head And Neck > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Which sites have no lymphatic drainage?

A

Eyeball
Inner ear
Cartilage

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2
Q

How much lymph is produced a day?

A

3 - 4 litres

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3
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system normally?

A

Continuous removal of remaining tissue fluid from extracellular space back to blood circulation

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4
Q

Why can the lymphatic system be dangerous?

A

Route for spread of infection and malignancy

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5
Q

Describe the flow of lymph from tissue fluid back to blood

A

Tissue fluid > lymphatic capillary > afferent lymphatic vessels > lymph nodes > efferent lymphatic vessels > lymphatic trunks > lymphatic ducts

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6
Q

What do we call the lymphatic ducts on the left and right?

A 
Left = thoracic duct 
Right = right lymphatic duct
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7
Q

How are lymph nodes designed to help their function?

A

Lots of vessels enter a lymph node
Only one vessel to exit
Back log - increased pressure to help
Has valves to prevent backflow

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8
Q

Describe passive constriction of lymphatic vessels

A

Pulsation of arteries

Muscle contraction

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9
Q

Describe intrinsic constriction of lymphatic vessels

A

As vessels stretch they have the ability to contract

Autonomic SM

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10
Q

Why does lymph drain into the venous system?

A

Lowest pressure of blood circulation

Easiest point in which to drain

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11
Q

Which part of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

RHS of body from head to diaphragm

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12
Q

Lymphatic ducts drain into which veins?

A

Subclavian veins

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13
Q

Is lymphoedema pitting or non-pitting?

A

Non-pitting

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14
Q

What is lymphoedema?

A

Abnormal collection of protein-rich fluid causing tissue swelling due to compromised lymphatic system

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15
Q

Give some causes of lymphoedema

A 
Removal/enlargement of lymph nodes
Infections
Damage - eg. Via cancer treatments 
Lack of limb movements
Congenital
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16
Q

What are the lymphoid organs?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils

17
Q

Describe the defences present in lymph nodes

A

Physical filter - reticular CT
Phagocytic filter - macrophages (and are APCs)
Activation and proliferation of lymphocytes - this is why nodes swell

18
Q

What is the difference between a node swelling due to infection and due to malignancy?

A 
Infection = tender and mobile 
Malignancy = hard, matted, not tender, craggy
19
Q

What are the 2 broad groups of lymph nodes?

A

Regional (superficial) draining specific areas

Terminal (deep) receiving drainage from a number of regional ones

20
Q

Approximately how many lymph nodes are there in the human body?

A

800

21
Q

Approximately how many lymph nodes are in the neck alone?

A

300

22
Q

What are the sites of the superficial cervical lymph nodes?

A 
Submental 
Submandibular 
Pre-auricular
Post-auricular 
Occipital 
Superficial cervical 
Posterior cervical 
Anterior cervical
23
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Annular collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding superior pharynx
Consists of pharyngeal, palatine and lingual tonsils

24
Q

What are the names of the deep lymph nodes of the H and N?

A

Tonsillar/jugulo-digastric
Jugulo-omohyoid
Supraclavicular

25
Q

The left supraclavicular node drains the ..

A

Abdomen and thorax

26
Q

The right supraclavicular node drains the…

A

Midsection chest
Oesophagus
Lungs

27
Q

What drains into the submandibular node?

A 
Upper lip and teeth 
Lateral part of lower lip 
Most of face
Anterior nasal cavity 
Middle of tongue 
Submandibular and sublingual glands
28
Q

What drains into the submental node?

A

Lower lip and teeth
Anterior chin
Tip of tongue
Floor of mouth

29
Q

What drains into the pre-auricular node?

A

Scalp
Anterior ear
Parotid gland

30
Q

What drains into the post-auricular node?

A

Scalp
Posterior ear
Ear canal

31
Q

Which node is the most frequently enlarged and where does it drain?

A

Jugulo-digastric

Palatine tonsils, oral cavity, posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx and larynx

Head And Neck (11 decks)

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