Oral Cavity and Oropharynx Flashcards
What structures make up the roof of the mouth?
hard palate (alveolar arch, palatine process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone) and soft palate
What structures make up the floor of the mouth?
mandible and mylohyoid muscle
What structure demarcates the separation between the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
the sulcus terminalis
What is the foramen caecum?
a depression at the apex of the sulcus terminalis that is a remnant of the duct of the thyroid gland
What are the 3 types of papillae on the tongue?
fungiform papillae over the anterior surface, valate papillae over the anterior border of the sulcus terminalis and foliate papillae on the sides
What covers the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
the lingual tonsils
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue, what do they attach to, what is their action and what is their innervation?
styloglossus - attaches to styloid process and retracts the tongue, palatoglossus - attaches to palate and elevates the tongue, hyoglossus - attaches to hyoid bone and depresses the tongue, genioglossus -attaches to mandible and protrudes the tongue - all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus which is innervated by vagus
Which side will the tongue deviate to in a lesion of the hypoglossal nerve?
towards the side of lesion
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, what is their action and what is their innervation?
superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical - all change the shape of the tongue and all are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
What is the innervation for general sensation in the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the innervation for taste sensation in the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the innervation for general sensation in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
lingual nerve - branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
What is the innervation for taste sensation in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
chorda tympani - branch of the facial nerve
What nerve innervates the top teeth and therefore where would pain refer to?
the superior alveolar nerve - a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve - pain would refer to the maxillary sinus or other areas innervated by the maxillary division
What nerve innervates the bottom teeth and therefore where would pain refer to?
the inferior alveolar nerve - a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve - pain would refer to the external auditory meatus or other areas innervated by the mandibular division
Where is the opening of the duct of the parotid salivary gland?
between the lip and the gum opposite the second molar
Where is the opening of the duct of the submandibular salivary gland?
lateral to the frenulum of the tongue
Where is the opening of the duct of the sublingual salivary gland?
the floor of the mouth
Why is sublingual a good site for drug absorption?
because it is highly vascular
What are the borders of the oropharynx?
back of the alveolar arches in front, soft palate above, epiglottis below
What is present on the lateral walls of the oropharynx?
palatine tonsils surrounded by the palatoglossal arch anteriorly and the palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly
What is the role of the soft palate?
to seal off nasal cavity for suction or seal off the oral cavity for unimpeded breathing while you chew
What are the 5 muscles which support the soft palate, what is their action and what is their innervation?
palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus depress the soft palate, tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini elevate the soft plate and open the auditory tube and musculus uvulae elevates the uvula. they are all innervated by the vagus nerve except tensor veli palatini which is innervated by the trigeminal nerve
What structures make up Waldeyer’s Ring?
pharyngeal tonsils, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
