Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx Flashcards
What structures make up the skeleton of the external nose?
two nasal bones, two lateral cartilages, two alar cartilages and one septal cartilage
What bones make up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, palatine bone, maxilla, inferior concha, nasal bone
What bones and cartilage make up the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, palatine bone, maxilla, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal bone
What is rhinorrhea and what causes it?
leakage of the CSF from the nose - due to a fracture of the ethmoid bone
Which part of the nasal cavity is not lined by vascular mucous membrane?
the vestibule
Which part of the nasal cavity is lined by olfactory epithelium?
the top 1/3rd
What type of epithelium lines the respiratory part of the nasal cavity?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Which features of the nasal cavity act to warm air?
the turbinate bones and very vascular mucous membrane
What are the spaces underneath the turbinate bones called?
meati
Name the paranasal sinuses
ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid, maxillary
What lines the paranasal sinus?
the same mucous membrane of the nasal cavity
Why does the maxillary sinus easily develop infection?
because the opening is horizontal - therefore it cannot be drained by gravity
What is the innervation of the paranasal sinuses?
opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve innervates frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoid and the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve innervates the maxillary sinus
Where does the nasolacrimal duct open?
in the inferior meatus
What is the blood supply of the superior quadrant of the nasal cavity?
ethmoidal arteries (which are branches of the opthalmic artery)
What is the blood supply of the posterior quadrant of the nasal cavity?
the sphenopalatine artery (which is a branch of the external carotid and is therefore under high pressure)
What is the blood supply of the inferior quadrant of the nasal cavity?
branches of palatine arteries
What is the blood supply of the anterior quadrant of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
nasal branches of the facial artery
What is the blood supply of the anterior quadrant of the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
labial arteries
What is the nerve supply of the anterior superior half of the nasal cavity?
opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
What is the nerve supply of the posterior inferior half of the nasal cavity?
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
What are the superior and inferior borders of the pharynx?
the base of the sphenoid bone and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?
sphenoid bone above, superior constrictor posteriorly and the soft palate inferiorly
What tonsils are in the nasopharynx?
the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
What muscle is responsible for opening the auditory tube?
salpingopharyngeus
