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Neuro > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

I, II VIII

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely motor?

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed?

A

V, VII, IX, X

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4
Q

What are the 3 different motor columns in the brainstem for cranial nuclei organisation?

A

somatic, branchial, visceral (autonomic)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves have somatic motor nuclei?

A

III, IV, VI, XII

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves have branchial motor nuclei?

A

V, VII, IX, X

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7
Q

What is the nucleus ambiguous?

A

the branchial motor nucleus to IX and X - located within the medulla behind the inferior olive - innervates stylopharyngeus and levator palati

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8
Q

Which cranial nerves have visceral motor nuclei?

A

III, VII, IX, X

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9
Q

What is the Edinger Westfal nucleus?

A

the visceral motor nucleus for CNIII - located in the midbrain

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10
Q

What is the superior salivatory nucleus?

A

the visceral motor nucleus for CNVII - located in the pons

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11
Q

What is the inferior salivatory nucleus?

A

the visceral motor nucleus for CNIX - located in the medulla

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12
Q

What is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus?

A

the visceral motor nucleus for CNX - located in the medulla

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13
Q

What are the 3 different sensory columns located in the brainstem for cranial nuclei organisation?

A

visceral sensory, somatic sensory, special sensory

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14
Q

Which cranial nerves have visceral sensory nuclei?

A

VII, IX, X

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15
Q

What is the nucleus solitarius?

A

The visceral sensory nucleus receiving primary afferents from VII, IX and X - has two divisions - a rostral division for taste and a caudal division for heart, abdominal viscera, baroreceptors and chemoreceptors - extends from the pons to the level of the nucleus gracilis

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves have somatic sensory nuclei?

A

V, VII, IX and X

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17
Q

Which cranial nerves have special sensory nuclei?

A

I, II, VIII

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18
Q

Which cranial nerves originate from the midbrain?

A

III, IV

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19
Q

Which cranial nerves originate from the pons?

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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20
Q

Which cranial nerves originate from the medulla?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

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21
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

sense of smell

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22
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull?

A

the cribiform plate

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23
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

sight

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24
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit the skull?

A

the optic canal

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25
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

innervates medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique, innervates levator palebrae superioris, provides parasympathetic input to the iris and ciliary muscle

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26
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

innervate superior oblique

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28
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

the superior orbital fissure

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29
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

innervates lateral rectus

30
Q

Where does the abducens nerve exit the skull?

A

the superior orbital fissure

31
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, VI and V1

32
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the auditory canal?

A

VII and VIII

33
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, XI

34
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the sensory input of the pupillary light reflex?

A

optic nerve

35
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the motor output of the pupillary light reflex?

A

oculomotor nerve

36
Q

What area of the brainstem does the pupillary light reflex test?

A

the midbrain

37
Q

What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

somatic sensory and branchial motor

38
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

sensory input from the face, motor input to the muscles of mastication and tensor tympani

39
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

40
Q

What are the 4 trigeminal nuclei and what are their functions?

A

mesencephalic - proprioception, motor - motor output, chief sensory - touch, spinal trigeminal - pain

41
Q

What is the course of the trigeminal nerve?

A

exits the brainstem as a sensory and motor root, the sensory root becomes the trigeminal ganglion and then divides into the 3 branches, the motor root goes just below the ganglion and then travels with the mandibular division into the jaw

42
Q

Where does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

A

the superior orbital fissure

43
Q

Where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

A

the foramen rotundum

44
Q

Where does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

A

the foramen ovale

45
Q

What provides the sensory input for the corneal blink reflex?

A

the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

46
Q

What provides the motor output for the corneal blink reflex?

A

the facial nerve

47
Q

What area of the brainstem does the corneal blink reflex test?

A

the pons

48
Q

What type of nerve is the facial nerve?

A

branchial motor, visceral efferent, visceral sensory and somatic sensory

49
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

innervates the muscles of facial expression and stapedius, provides parasympathetic input to the lacrimal gland and sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, provides taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, provides somatic sensation to a small area around the external auditory meatus

50
Q

What are the 2 branches of the facial nerve?

A

facial nerve proper and nervus intermedius

51
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

the internal acoustic meatus

52
Q

What branch of the facial nerve provides innervation to the lacrimal gland?

A

the greater petrosal branch

53
Q

What branch of the facial nerve provides taste?

A

chorda tympani

54
Q

What structure does the facial nerve pass through but not innervate?

A

the parotid gland

55
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve?

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

56
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

hearing and balance

57
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

the internal acoustic meatus

58
Q

What are the nuclei of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei and 4 vestibular nuclei

59
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

sensation from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, the pharynx, middle ear and carotid body, taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland, motor innervation of stylopharyngeus

60
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?

A

the jugular foramen

61
Q

What is the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

exits the skull, forms the superior and inferior ganglia, passes between the internal and external carotid and then follows stylopharyngeus to reach the oropharynx and tongue

62
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

motor innervation of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, upper oesophagus and 1 tongue muscle, parasympathetic innervation to organs, sensory from pharynx, larynx and oesophagus, taste for the epiglottis, visceral inout from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors of the aortic arch

63
Q

What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

motor innervation of vocal cords

64
Q

What provides the sensory input for the gag reflex?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

65
Q

What provides the motor output for the gag reflex?

A

the vagus nerve

66
Q

What part of the brainstem does the gag reflex test?

A

the medulla

67
Q

What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

motor innervation of sternomastoid and the upper part of trapezius

68
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve enter and exit the skull?

A

enters via foramen magnum and exits via jugular foramen

69
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

motor innervation of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)

70
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal foramen

71
Q

Which way will the tongue deviate in a hypoglossal nerve lesion?

A

the tongue will deviate towards the side of the lesion

Neuro (43 decks)

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