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Pharm Test 2 > Oral Anti-diabetics (OAD) (week 7) > Flashcards

Oral Anti-diabetics (OAD) (week 7) Flashcards

1
Q

Name a Biguanide

A

Metformin (Glucophage)

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2
Q

What is the use of Metformin (Glucophage)?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production

Increase sensitivity to insulin

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3
Q

What are the common side effects of Metformin (Glucophage)?

A

Abdominal bleeding
Diarrhea
Vomiting

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4
Q

What are the serious side effects of metformin (Glucophage)?

A

Black Box Warning - risk of lactic acidosis

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5
Q

What are some baseline info you want to know when administering Metformin (Glucophage)?

A

PMH of severe Renal dysfunction

Metabolic acidosis

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6
Q

What are the two drugs that act on the pancreas?

A

Meglitinides Sulfonynlureas

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

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7
Q

Name a Sulfonylureas

A

Glyburide (Diabeta)

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8
Q

What are the common side effects of Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

A

Weight gain
GI Fullness
Nausea

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9
Q

What are the serious side effects of Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

A

Hypoglycemia

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10
Q

What should you know before administering Glyburide (DiaBeta)?

A

Contraindicated pregnancy & Breast feeding
Type 1 DM
DKA

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11
Q

Palpitations, Tachycardia, Sweating, Fatigue, Excessive hunger

A

Signs of Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Name a Meglitinide

A

Repaglinide (Prandin)

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Repaglinide (Prandin)?

A

Stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells by closing potassium channels

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14
Q

What are the common side effects of Repaglinide (Prandin)?

A

Hypoglycemia
Headache
URi

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15
Q

What are the serious side effects of Repaglinide (prancing)?

A

Cardiovascular event - MI

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16
Q

What med should you avoid when taking Repaglinide (Prandin)?

A

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

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17
Q

How should Repaglinide (Prandin) be administered?

A

With a meal, 30 mins or less before eating

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18
Q

Name a DPP-4 Inhibitor

A

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

19
Q

What are the common side effects of Sitagliptin (Januvia)?

A

Hypoglycemia
Headache
Nausea
URI

20
Q

What are the serious side effects of Sitagliptin (Januvia)?

A

Drug-induced Pancreatitis

Acute renal failure

21
Q

Servere and persistent abdominal pain, with or without vomiting

A

Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis

22
Q

How should Sitagliptin be administered?

A

Without regard to food

23
Q

Name a Thiazolinedione (TZD)

A

Pioglitazone (Actos)

24
Q

What is Pioglitazone (Actos) commonly referred as?

25
Q

What are the common side effects of Pioglitazone (Actos)?

A

Edema

Weight gain

26
Q

What are the serious side effects of Pioglitazone (Actos)?

A

Black Box Warning - risk of heart failure

27
Q

What is a contraindication of Pioglitazone?

A

Severe heart failure

Bladder cancer

28
Q

Dyspnea, weight gain, fatigue

A

Signs of heart failure

29
Q

Blood in urine, worsting urinary urgency, painful urination

A

Signs of bladder cancer

30
Q

Strong INDUCERS of CyP2C8 ____ pioglitazone levels

31
Q

Strong INHIBITORS of CYP2C8 ____ Pioglitazone levels

32
Q

Name an Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor (AGI)

A

Acarbose (Precose)

33
Q

What are the most common side effects of Acarbose (Precose)?

A

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
FLATULENCE

34
Q

Name a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor

A

Empagliflozin (Jardiance)

35
Q

What is the MOA of Empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

A

Inhibits renal SGLT2 this blocking reabsorption of glucose

36
Q

What are the common side effects of Empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

A

Vulvovaginal candidiasis
UTI
Hypotension

37
Q

What are the serious side effects of Empagliflozin (Jardiance)?

A

AKI
Hypovolmia
Ketoacidosis

38
Q

What is Empagliflozin (Jardiance) preferred for?

A

If HF or CKD predominate

Need to minimize weight loss or promote weight loss

39
Q

Name a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA)

A

Exenatide (Byetta)

40
Q

What are the common side effects of Exenaride (Byetta)?

A 
Dirrhea
Nausea 
Vomiting
Dyspepsia
Weight loss
41
Q

What is Exenatide (Byetta) good for?

A

Weight loss

42
Q

What are the serious side effects of Exenatide (Byetta)?

A

Black Box Warning - Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

43
Q

What is Exenatide preferred for?

A

Arthersclerotic CVD

44
Q

How is Exenatide administered?

A

SubQ

Inject any time within the 60-min period before morning and evening meals

Pharm Test 2 (18 decks)

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