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CLIN CHEM LAB > OPTICAL TECHNIQUES > Flashcards

OPTICAL TECHNIQUES Flashcards

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1
Q

Different types of electromagnetic (7)

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible spectra
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma Rays/ cosmic rays

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2
Q

EMR

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

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3
Q

most powerful

A

Gamma Rays/ cosmic rays

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4
Q

sensitive in the eyes

A

Visible Spectra

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5
Q

is spread in the form of electromagnetic waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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6
Q

is described as photons of energy travelling in waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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7
Q

is described as photons of energy travelling in waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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8
Q

Distance between identical points on consecutive ways

A

Wavelength

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9
Q

Distance between origin and crest (or trough)

A

Amplitude

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10
Q

Number of waves that pass a point per unit time

A

Frequency

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11
Q

= wavelength X frequency

A

Speed

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12
Q

Four basic areas of analytic techniques

A

Spectrophotometry
luminescence
Chromatography
Electroanalytic Method
SLCEM

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13
Q

_________ is inversely proportional to the frequency of the light wave

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

______ is also inversely proportional to the wavelength of light

A

Energy

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15
Q

more photons presents more energy, hence, ____________

A

shorter wavelengths represent higher energy

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16
Q

________ is a wave of alternating electric and magnetic fields

A

Light

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17
Q

What are the two types of light

A

Visible and Invisible

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18
Q

Two types of invisible (2)

A

Infrared
Ultraviolet
- IU

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19
Q

number of cycle

A

Frequency

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20
Q

wavelengths fall below the visible region

A

ultraviolet (190 - 340 nm)

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21
Q

wavelength is above

A

Infrared 700 nm

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22
Q

Light (3)

A

Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared

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23
Q

/wavelength falls within

A

340 - 700 nm visible

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24
Q

< 190 nanometers
- contain wavelength shorter than 190 nm
These photons have such energy that they can already penetrate the flesh
(The most powerful)

A

X-ray and gamma radiations

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25
Q

Ten billion times smaller than a meter

A

Wavelength

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26
Q

Give me the three frequency

A

Low Frequency
Medium Frequency
High frequency
LMF

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27
Q

7 color of visible light

A

violet
indigo
blue
green
Yellow
Orange
Red
(ROYGBIV)

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28
Q

Wavelength (nm) of visible light (7)

A

350 - 400
400 - 450
450 - 500
500 - 550
550 - 600
600 - 650
650 - 700

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29
Q

Color emitted / transmitted

A

violet - Yellow
indigo - Yellow
blue - Orange
green - Red
yellow - indigo
orange - blue
red - green

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30
Q

The transmitted light and the absorbed light are ________.

A

Complementary colors

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31
Q

Red solution containing _________

A

hemoglobin

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32
Q

can cause tanning, burning and skin cancer

A

Ultraviolet

33
Q

Frequency

A

Hertz

34
Q

AM in radio

A

Amplitude modulation

35
Q

FM in radio

A

Frequency modulation

36
Q

A hemolyzed (red) solution containing hemoglobin will absorb green light at 540 nm

A

Green

37
Q

A yellow bilirubin will absorb ______ at ______nm

A

400 and 430 because the transmit color of indigo and blue are color yellow

38
Q

long radio waves are ______

A

Low

39
Q

can cause cell mutation (3)

A

Y rays
X rays
UV

40
Q

is made up of all colors of the rainbow
balimbing
torch of sun

A

White light

41
Q

can cause hepatitis, pigment, stool, urine, yellowish….. “liver”

A

Bilirubin

42
Q

color violet use for ________

A

UV
X rays
Y rays

43
Q

States that concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of the light transmitted

A

Beer-Lambert’s Law

44
Q

Frequency over wavelength = _______

A

energy

45
Q

Beer Lambert’s law formula

A

A = e x b x c

46
Q

______ - molar absorptivity
________ - length of light (optical)
_________ - analyte concentration

A

e
b
c

47
Q

______ is absorbance (optical density) no units

A

A

48
Q

_____ is the absorptivity of the dye

A

E

49
Q

_______ is the strength of the light path, cm

A

B

50
Q

_______ is the concentration of the dye in solution, g L

A

C

51
Q

_________ is composed of electromagnetic
radiation with varying wavelengths, energy, and
frequency

A

visible spectra

52
Q

give me the formulation of relation between the absorbance / transmittance

A
53
Q

_______ is the measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substance in the solution

A

Spectrophotometry

54
Q

analytical technique used in
separating mixture to individual substance.

A

Chromatography

55
Q

above point of origin (line)

A

Crest

56
Q

below origin

A

Trough

57
Q

wavelength falls below the visible region
(190-340 nm)

A

Ultraviolet-

58
Q

wavelength falls within 340-700 nm

A

Visible

59
Q

wavelength falls is above 700 nm

A

Infrared

60
Q
  • contain wavelength shorter than 190 nm. These
A

X-RAY AND GAMMA RADIATIONS

61
Q

The transmitted light and the absorbed light are
complementary to each other. Thus, a visible color of a
solution will be the complement of the wavelength being
absorbed.

A

COMPLEMENTARY COLOR

62
Q

This law states that the concentration of a substance is
directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and
inversely proportional to the logarithm of the light transmitted

A

BEER-LAMBERT’S LAW

63
Q

Simplest type of absorption spectrometer this
instrument or the is designed to make one
measurement at a time at one specified
wavelength

A

● SINGLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

64
Q

__________ are
equipped with one or more exit slits and
photoelectron transducers that permit
determination of the ratio of the power of two
beams as a function of wavelength as in
absorption spectroscopy

A

Spectrophotometers

65
Q

A fraction of light coming from the
monochromator device Parts into two means
one falls in the reference sample and then
the other onto the test sample its mechanism
is more or less similar to a single beam
spectrophotometer but differs because the
Dual mirrors divide a single beam of light into
two.

A

● DOUBLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

66
Q

is a double beam
spectrophotometer so a photocell
detects the amount of transmitted
or absorbed light and gives the
reading on display meter

A

Photocell

67
Q

uses two photo detectors (one for the sample
and one for the reference beam)
○ sample and reference are measured
simultaneously and the signal from the
reference is subtracted from the
transmittance of light of the sample

A
  1. Double Beam in Space
68
Q

one photo detector and alternately passes
the monochromatic radiation through the
sample cuvette to the reference cuvette
using a chopper

A
  1. Double Beam in TIme
69
Q

device consist of circular disk
■ is a rotating sector of mirror that
breaks up or rotates radiation
beams

A

Chopper

70
Q

Principle: “Involves measurement of
electromagnetic radiation emitted by the
excited atoms in the flame”
○ measures light emitted by excited atoms

A

● FLAME EMISSION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

71
Q

no longer routinely
used in clinical chemistry due to the development of
iron selective electrodes

A

Flame Photometers

72
Q

the specific regions that electrons
occupy

A

○ Energy shells

73
Q

Cloud-like regions in the energy
shells where electrons is found

A

○ Orbitals

74
Q

Electrons found at the outermost
occupied orbitals of an atom
■ do not remain in the same orbital or
energy level as they are able to
absorb energy from heat or light

A

○ Valence Electrons

75
Q

the state that valence electrons
enter when it absorbs energy

A

Excited state

76
Q

Relative amount of light passing through the sample

A

TRANSMITTANCE (T)

77
Q

Relative amount of light absorbed by the sample and is
related to transmittance (T

A

ABSORBANCE (A)

78
Q

the sample is aspirated directly into the flame. All
the sample that enters the capillary will enter the
flame regardless of the droplet size

A

❖ Total consumption burners

79
Q

Aspirated sample, fuel and oxidant are thoroughly mixed
before reaching the burner opening and then entering the
flame

A

Premix burner

CLIN CHEM LAB (14 decks)

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