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CLIN CHEM LAB > OPTICAL TECHNIQUES > Flashcards

OPTICAL TECHNIQUES Flashcards

1
Q

Different types of electromagnetic (7)

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible spectra
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma Rays/ cosmic rays

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2
Q

EMR

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

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3
Q

most powerful

A

Gamma Rays/ cosmic rays

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4
Q

sensitive in the eyes

A

Visible Spectra

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5
Q

is spread in the form of electromagnetic waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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6
Q

is described as photons of energy travelling in waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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7
Q

is described as photons of energy travelling in waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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8
Q

Distance between identical points on consecutive ways

A

Wavelength

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9
Q

Distance between origin and crest (or trough)

A

Amplitude

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10
Q

Number of waves that pass a point per unit time

A

Frequency

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11
Q

= wavelength X frequency

A

Speed

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12
Q

Four basic areas of analytic techniques

A

Spectrophotometry
luminescence
Chromatography
Electroanalytic Method
SLCEM

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13
Q

_________ is inversely proportional to the frequency of the light wave

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

______ is also inversely proportional to the wavelength of light

A

Energy

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15
Q

more photons presents more energy, hence, ____________

A

shorter wavelengths represent higher energy

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16
Q

________ is a wave of alternating electric and magnetic fields

A

Light

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17
Q

What are the two types of light

A

Visible and Invisible

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18
Q

Two types of invisible (2)

A

Infrared
Ultraviolet
- IU

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19
Q

number of cycle

A

Frequency

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20
Q

wavelengths fall below the visible region

A

ultraviolet (190 - 340 nm)

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21
Q

wavelength is above

A

Infrared 700 nm

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22
Q

Light (3)

A

Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared

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23
Q

/wavelength falls within

A

340 - 700 nm visible

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24
Q

< 190 nanometers
- contain wavelength shorter than 190 nm
These photons have such energy that they can already penetrate the flesh
(The most powerful)

A

X-ray and gamma radiations

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25
Ten billion times smaller than a meter
Wavelength
26
Give me the three frequency
Low Frequency Medium Frequency High frequency LMF
27
7 color of visible light
violet indigo blue green Yellow Orange Red (ROYGBIV)
28
Wavelength (nm) of visible light (7)
350 - 400 400 - 450 450 - 500 500 - 550 550 - 600 600 - 650 650 - 700
29
Color emitted / transmitted
violet - Yellow indigo - Yellow blue - Orange green - Red yellow - indigo orange - blue red - green
30
The transmitted light and the absorbed light are ________.
Complementary colors
31
Red solution containing _________
hemoglobin
32
can cause tanning, burning and skin cancer
Ultraviolet
33
Frequency
Hertz
34
AM in radio
Amplitude modulation
35
FM in radio
Frequency modulation
36
A hemolyzed (red) solution containing hemoglobin will absorb green light at 540 nm
Green
37
A yellow bilirubin will absorb ______ at ______nm
400 and 430 because the transmit color of indigo and blue are color yellow
38
long radio waves are ______
Low
39
can cause cell mutation (3)
Y rays X rays UV
40
is made up of all colors of the rainbow balimbing torch of sun
White light
41
can cause hepatitis, pigment, stool, urine, yellowish..... "liver"
Bilirubin
42
color violet use for ________
UV X rays Y rays
43
States that concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of the light transmitted
Beer-Lambert's Law
44
Frequency over wavelength = _______
energy
45
Beer Lambert's law formula
A = e x b x c
46
______ - molar absorptivity ________ - length of light (optical) _________ - analyte concentration
e b c
47
______ is absorbance (optical density) no units
A
48
_____ is the absorptivity of the dye
E
49
_______ is the strength of the light path, cm
B
50
_______ is the concentration of the dye in solution, g L
C
51
_________ is composed of electromagnetic radiation with varying wavelengths, energy, and frequency
visible spectra
52
give me the formulation of relation between the absorbance / transmittance
53
_______ is the measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substance in the solution
Spectrophotometry
54
analytical technique used in separating mixture to individual substance.
Chromatography
55
above point of origin (line)
Crest
56
below origin
Trough
57
wavelength falls below the visible region (190-340 nm)
Ultraviolet-
58
wavelength falls within 340-700 nm
Visible
59
wavelength falls is above 700 nm
Infrared
60
- contain wavelength shorter than 190 nm. These
X-RAY AND GAMMA RADIATIONS
61
The transmitted light and the absorbed light are complementary to each other. Thus, a visible color of a solution will be the complement of the wavelength being absorbed.
COMPLEMENTARY COLOR
62
This law states that the concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of the light transmitted
BEER-LAMBERT’S LAW
63
Simplest type of absorption spectrometer this instrument or the is designed to make one measurement at a time at one specified wavelength
● SINGLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
64
__________ are equipped with one or more exit slits and photoelectron transducers that permit determination of the ratio of the power of two beams as a function of wavelength as in absorption spectroscopy
Spectrophotometers
65
A fraction of light coming from the monochromator device Parts into two means one falls in the reference sample and then the other onto the test sample its mechanism is more or less similar to a single beam spectrophotometer but differs because the Dual mirrors divide a single beam of light into two.
● DOUBLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
66
is a double beam spectrophotometer so a photocell detects the amount of transmitted or absorbed light and gives the reading on display meter
Photocell
67
uses two photo detectors (one for the sample and one for the reference beam) ○ sample and reference are measured simultaneously and the signal from the reference is subtracted from the transmittance of light of the sample
1. Double Beam in Space
68
one photo detector and alternately passes the monochromatic radiation through the sample cuvette to the reference cuvette using a chopper
2. Double Beam in TIme
69
device consist of circular disk ■ is a rotating sector of mirror that breaks up or rotates radiation beams
Chopper
70
Principle: “Involves measurement of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the excited atoms in the flame” ○ measures light emitted by excited atoms
● FLAME EMISSION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
71
no longer routinely used in clinical chemistry due to the development of iron selective electrodes
Flame Photometers
72
the specific regions that electrons occupy
○ Energy shells
73
Cloud-like regions in the energy shells where electrons is found
○ Orbitals
74
Electrons found at the outermost occupied orbitals of an atom ■ do not remain in the same orbital or energy level as they are able to absorb energy from heat or light
○ Valence Electrons
75
the state that valence electrons enter when it absorbs energy
Excited state
76
Relative amount of light passing through the sample
TRANSMITTANCE (T)
77
Relative amount of light absorbed by the sample and is related to transmittance (T
ABSORBANCE (A)
78
the sample is aspirated directly into the flame. All the sample that enters the capillary will enter the flame regardless of the droplet size
❖ Total consumption burners
79
Aspirated sample, fuel and oxidant are thoroughly mixed before reaching the burner opening and then entering the flame
Premix burner

CLIN CHEM LAB (14 decks)

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