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CLIN CHEM LAB > NONPROTEIN NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS > Flashcards

NONPROTEIN NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS Flashcards

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1
Q

Give me the 4 NPNS

A
  1. Urea
  2. Creatine
  3. Uric acid
  4. Ammonia
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2
Q

________ is an amino acid

A

Creatine

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3
Q

Chemical name of creatine

A

Methyl guanidine-acetic acid

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4
Q

__________ can be converted into the phosphocreatine

A

creatine

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5
Q

___________ is storage mechanism muscle cells use to regenerate the cells primary source of energy ATP

A

Phosphocreatine

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6
Q

ATP meaning

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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7
Q

__________ is the waste product formed muscle from high energy storage compound, creatine phosphate (phosphocreatine)

A

Creatinine

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8
Q

Creatine synthesized primarily in the liver from _______, _______, and _______

A

arginine, glycine, methionine
AGM

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9
Q

transported tissues and is converted to phosphocreatine which serves as __________

A

Creatine - high energy source

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10
Q

It is an endogenous substance with a MW of 113 Da

A

Creatinine

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11
Q

It is a waste product of muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

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12
Q

Released into the circulation at a relative constant rate in proportional to an individuals muscle mass

A

Creatinine

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13
Q

what are the disease correlated with creatine

A

Muscle disease

Muscular dystrophy
Poliomyelitis
Hyperthyroidism
Trauma

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14
Q

What are the disease correlated with creatinine

A

abnormal renal function

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15
Q

Give me the advantages of GFT

A

Endogenous substance with constant rate of production
Not bound to plasma protein
Not reabsorbed by the tubules
Only a small amount is secreted by the tubules

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16
Q

Give me the disadvantages of GFT

A

Depends mainly on muscle mass
Quantity of meat ingestion can substantially influence the total daily production
Method is subjected to many interferences

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17
Q

Why we need to measure the creatinine

A

To determine the sufficiency of kidney function and the severity of kidney damage

To monitor progression of kidney disease

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18
Q

What happens to creatinine level in both blood and urine if the patient has renal function

A

decrease in urine
and increase in blood

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19
Q

Remedy: increased creatinine

A

dialysis or kidney transplant

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20
Q

Creatinine: below normal range =

A

muscle
dystrophy

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21
Q

is an important diagnostic tool to
assess renal function

A

serum creatinine level

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22
Q

Most widely used marker for Glomerular Filtration Tests
(GFTs)

A

CREATININE

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23
Q

Measures how well creatinine is removed from blood by
kidneys (which reflects glomerular filtration rate (GFR))

A

Creatinine Clearance Test

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24
Q

Ucr

A

Urine Creatinine

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25
Q

Vur

A

Urine Volume

26
Q

Pcr

A
  • Plasma Creatinine
27
Q

1440 mins/24 hrs -

A

Constant number

28
Q

1.73 -

A

constant number

29
Q

A

A

Area or service of area

30
Q

Creatinine reacts with __________ (trinitrophenol) in alkaline
solution to form a ___________ chromogen

A

picric acid
red-orange

31
Q

Creatinine reacts with picric acid (trinitrophenol) in alkaline
solution to form a red-orange chromogen

A

DIRECT JAFFE REACTION (1886)

32
Q

PFF + Aluminum Magnesium Silicate

A

Fuller’s Earth

33
Q

PFF + Sodium Aluminum Silicate
■ Eluted and reacted with alkaline picrate

A

Method of Hare (Addition to Lloyd’s Reagent)

34
Q

______ is mixed with alkaline picrate and the rate of change
in absorbance is measured

A

Serum

35
Q

interferences of folin-wu method

A

Acetoacetate, Acetone, Ascorbate,
Glucose, Pyruvate

36
Q

kinetic jaffe reaction

A

alpha-ketoacids and cephalosporins

37
Q

More than one enzyme used in reaction process to
quantitate creatinine.

A

COUPLED-ENZYMATIC METHOD

38
Q

2 most commonly used enzymatic production:

A

Creatininase-CK Method
Creatininase-Hydrogen Peroxide Method

39
Q

measurement of creatine from reduced
form to oxidized form at 340nm. The
reaction happens only if an oxidized
form of NAD is achieved

A

● Creatininase-CK Method

40
Q

Has a MW of approx. 11,800 Daltons

A

BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN

41
Q

● Has a MW of approx. 13,000 Da

A

CYSTATIN C

42
Q

Polymer of fructose
● Extremely stable substance that is not reabsorbed or
secreted by the tubules
● Not a normal body constituent
● Not routinely done because necessary for continuous IV
infusion
● Ideally reference method but not usually done due to its
laborious procedure

A

INULIN

43
Q

● Also known as prostaglandin D2 synthase

A

BETA TRACE PROTEIN

44
Q

● 2-(alpha-mannopyranosyl)-L-tryptophan (MPT)

A

TRYPTOPHAN GLYCOCONJUGATE

45
Q

USE OF RADIOISOTOPES

A

● ex. technetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic

46
Q

REFERENCE STANDARD

A

Isotope dilution-mass spectrometry
● Requires a lot of sample (large sample of pre-incubation)
● sample used: plasma or serum (actual set-up: serum only)

47
Q

Creatinine in serum or urine is stable for at least __________

A

at least 7 days at 4 oC

48
Q

Urine specimens should be refrigerated or frozen if
longer than ___________

A

4 days

49
Q

avoid starving

A

● Alpha-keto acids/ketones

50
Q

avoid because it can potentially falsely increase
creatinine

A

Cephalosporins, Dopamine, Lidocaine

51
Q

False Decrease

A

Hemoglobin and Bilirubin

52
Q

Decreased in kinetic methods

A

Uric Acid

53
Q

interfere Peroxidase

A

Ascorbic acid

54
Q

Inhibitor of cysteine proteinase
● Produced by all nucleated cells at constant rate
● Freely filtered and completely reabsorbed in the PCT
(normally not seen in urine)
● Plasma concentration appear to be unaffected by gender,
race, age, and muscle mass
● Measurements are difficult and expensive - NOT routinely
used

A

cystatin C

55
Q

Dissociates from human leukocyte antigens at a constant
rate
● Rapidly removed from the plasma by glomerular filtration
then reabsorbed completely by the PCT
● Not reliable in patients with immunologic conditions >
multiple myeloma & lymphoma (increased production of
WBC which has nucleus)
● found in nucleated cells

A

Beta2-microglobulin

56
Q

PFF meaning

A

Peptide fragment fingerprinting

57
Q

Addition to Lloyd’s Reagent

A

Methods of Hare

58
Q

Eluted and reacted with alkaline picrate

A

Methods of hare

59
Q

IBW

A

Ideal Body weight

60
Q

SCR

A

Serum creatinine concentration

61
Q

_________ produce erroneous results

A

Lipemic samples

CLIN CHEM LAB (14 decks)

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