GLASSWARES AND PLASTICWARES Flashcards
1
Q
NIST
A
National Institute of Standard and Technology
2
Q
PETE
A
polyethylene terephthalate
3
Q
HDPE
A
(high density polyethylene)
4
Q
LDPE
A
(Low density polyethylene)
5
Q
PP
A
(Polypropylene)
6
Q
Major types of resins used in Clin. Chem Lab:
A
A. Polystyrene
B. Polyethylene
C. Polypropylene
D. Teflon
E. Polycarbonate
PPPTP
7
Q
Primary constituent of pipet tips
A
B. Polypropylene
8
Q
Very strong plastic but NOT chemically
resistant
○ Autoclavable but with limitations
A
Polycarbonate
9
Q
Usable temp. range: -100°C to +160°C
A
Polycarbonate
10
Q
Almost chemically inert - unable to react to
chemicals
○ Chemical-resistant
A
Teflon
11
Q
Suitable work temp. @: -270 ⁰C to 255 ⁰C
A
Teflon
12
Q
. Borosilicate Glass is composed of _______
A
BORON
13
Q
Example of Borosilicate
A
○ Pyrex® and KIMAX®
14
Q
Strain point: 515
°Celsius (Henry)
A
Pyrex
15
Q
Strain point: 513
°C
A
KIMAX
16
Q
● Boron-free
A.k.a “soft glass”
A
- Acid- Resistant & Alkali-Resistant Glass
17
Q
Example of Acid resistant and alkali resistant
A
Vycor 7900
18
Q
Acid resistant and alkali resistant two characteristics
A
Heat-resistant (not as efficient as
borosilicate glass)
■ Chemically inert (a substance not
chemically reactive)
19
Q
Silica fused to quartz
A
High Silica Glass
20
Q
More expensive than borosilicate glass
A
High Silica Glass
21
Q
High silica glass use for?
A
Spectrophotometer cuvettes
22
Q
Contain materials that usually impart amber to red color
to the glass
A
Low Actinic Glass
23
Q
t amber to red color
A
Reduces the amount of light transmitted to the
substance in the glassware disallowing
oxidation
24
Q
A.k.a flint glass
A
Soda lime glass
25
sodiuum oxide
Soda
26
calcium oxide
Lime
27
Most inexpensive glass
○ Most common type of glass found outside the
laboratory
Soda lime glass
28
Example of Alumina-Silicate Glass
Corex(Corning, N.Y.)
29
used as resistor for electronic
circuitry
Alumina silicate glass
30
● Common uses: of soda lime glass
○ Volumetric flasks
○ Stirring rods
○ Single-use pipette or test tubes
31
● Common uses: Low actinic glass
For light-sensitive substances
■ Bilirubin
■ Vit. A
32
Acid resistant and alkali resistant use for
ashing and ignition techniques
33
Borosilicate glass use for
Heating
■ Open flame or electric heating
elements such as hotplates
34
MEASURING VESSELS (4)
a. Graduated cylinder
b. Burets
c. Volumetric flask
d. Pipet
GBVP
35
Long, cylindrical tubes usually held upright by
an octagonal or circular base with gradations
along its length
A. GRADUATED CYLINDER
Semi-accurate
36
Long cylindrical graduated laboratory glassware with
stopcock
B. BURETS
37
Round lower portion and a long, thin neck
with an etched neck or calibration line
which is going to be the mark in
measuring a specific volume
C. VOLUMETRIC FLASK
38
Extremely accurate in dispensing aliquots of a
solution
B. BURETS
39
Glass or plastic material in the lab used to transfer liquids
● Can either be reusable or disposable
● Majority of pipette can hold only up to 20 mL of a specific
solution
● Used to transfer measured volumes of liquid between
containers
D. PIPETS
40
I.Design a and b
To contain and to deliver (CD)
41
● A.k.a. “Rinsed-out pipets”
● Able to hold a particular volume but is unable to dispense
the volume indicated.
● For u to dispense the exact volume, Must be refilled and
rinsed-out with the appropriate solvent after the initial
liquid has been drained from the pipet
To contain
42
1.) To Contain (TC) (2)
○ Sahli-hemoglobin pipets -SHP
○ Long-Levy pipets - LLP
43
Able to transfer the exact volume indicated in the pipette
● Designed to drain by gravity
● Must be held vertically with the tip placed against the
side of the container and must NOT TOUCH the liquid in
it
● Vessel ang nakatilt
2) To Deliver (TD
44
Example of CD
Mohr pipet - M
○ Serologic pipet - S
○ volumetric transfer pipet - V
45
with a single painted at the top
● Allow to drain by gravity
● No frost/ etched / double lines
1) Self-draining pipet
46
B. Drainage Characteristics (2)
1) Self-draining pipet - SDP
2) Blown-out pipet - BOP
47
● With double rings/ frost/ etched
● designed to be "blown out" by pushing a small amount of
air out of the pipet, completely emptying it
● For u to deliver the exact amount of the volume specified
by the pipette, it has to be blown out with the use of a
bulb.
2) Blown-out pipet
48
Single colored line
self-draining
49
Double ring or frosted/ etched ring
blown out pipet
50
- Graduation is much farther from the tip.
Left: self-draining
51
- Graduation is up to the tip of the pipet.
Right: Blown out pipet
52
2 types of pipet
1. Transfer pipet (or volumetric)
2. Measuring or Graduated pipet
53
Example of transfer pipet (4)
a. Volumetric
b. Ostwald-Folin
c. Pasteur
d. Automatic macro- & micropipet
VOPA
54
Example (3) Measuring or Graduated pipet
a. Serologic
b. Mohr
c. Micropipet
SMM
55
Used to measure and transfer a predetermined volume of
liquid
● Kaya niya ma dispense or ma measure na volume of a
particular solution is only one volume
Volumetric or Transfer
56
Volumetric or Transfer
Ostwald-Folin Pipet
○ Pasteur Pipet
57
The volumetric pipets are always ___________
SELF-DRAINING
58
Ostwald-Folin pipets are
BLOWOUT PIPETS
59
Disposable, polypropylene tip
1. Air displacement
60
Use of capillary tip (siliconized, glass, plastic)
2. Positive displacement
61
Commonly used in the laboratory
Automatic and Semi-automatic pipet
62
pushed in order to aspirate or dispense a
particular volume of sample or reagent
○ Not going push it but turn it bcs it is going to
serve as a large volume adjustment knob
■ In order to adjust the volume to be
aspirated in much more larger
amounts
● Push button
63
○ Simply push this down to remove the pipette
tips that is found at the bottom portion
● Tip ejector button
64
○ Used to adjust the volume to be aspirated in
smaller amounts
Thumbwheel (Fine volume adjustment ring)
65
Composition of : Borosilicate glass
○ 80% silica
○ 13% boric oxide - contains BORON
○ 4% sodium oxide
○ 2–3% aluminium oxide
80 13 4 2-3
66
II. Drainage characteristics
A. Blowout
B. Self-draining
67
I.Design
A. To contain (TC)
B. To deliver (TD)
68
A. Measuring or graduated
1. Serologic
2. Mohr
3. Bacteriologic
4. Ball, Kolmer, or Kahn
5. Micropipet
69
B.Transfer
1. Volumetric
2. Ostwald-Folin
3. Pasteur pipets
4. Automatic macropipets or micropipette
70
○ Although it allows us to have an easier
measurement of volumes of samples and
reagents, but the aspiration and dispensing of
such liquids can still be done manually
● Semi-automatic pipettes
71
○ It is attached to a machine and a tube is going
to be submerged to a particular solution
○ The machine will be regulating the aspiration as
well as the dispensing of a particular volume of
a reagent ot sample
● Automatic pipettes
72
○ Automatic pipettes that obtain the liquid from a
common reservoir and dispense it repeatedly
○ May be bottle top, motorized, handheld, or
attached to a dilutor
● Dispensers (Dilutors)
73
- It is going to rely on a piston for creating a
suction to draw the sample into a disposable tip
that must be changed after each use
- The piston does not come in contact with the
liquid but there will be unprotected air space so
there could be a possible aerosol contamination
of the sample or the reagents that is going to be
aspirated
- Can ensure that there will be no carry over
since u are going to replace the tip
- However, it going to be less accurate compared
to positive displacement pipet
1. Air displacement method (left)
74
- Going to operate by moving a piston in the
pipet tip or barrel
- The piston is in the form of a plunger in which it
is going to be changed once u are going to
dispense one liquid after another
- Advantage of piston:
- There will be protected air space
- No aerosol
- Problem: Since you are not going to change the
tip, there will be a carry over of samples or
regents to another type of solution
2. Positive displacement method (right)
75
● Characteristics:
○ Rigid
○ Clear type
○ NOT to be autoclaved
A. Polystyrene
76
Disadvantage of Polystyrene
Not resistant to most hydrocarbons, ketones and ROH
77
Uses of polystyrene
capped graduated tubes and test tubes
CGT and TT
78
Example of polystyrene
Styrofoam
79
polystyrene can be used for a _____ time
short time
80
Polyethylene NOT suitable when using _____, ______, ______ and ______
picric acid, stains,
dyes and proteins
81
Polyethylene uses
○ test tubes
○ Bottles
○ graduated tubes
○ Stoppers
○ Plastic balls (toys)
○ Plastic wraps
○ Insulators
82
D. Polycarbonate
○ tubes for centrifugation
○ graduated cylinders
○ Flasks
○ Roofs of waiting sheds
83
GENERAL CATEGORIES OF GLASS
1. Borosilicate (Kimax/ Pyrex)
2. High silica Glass
3. Aluminosilicate (Corex)
4. Acid & Alkali resistant (Vycor)
5. Low actinic (amber-colored)
6. Flint glass (soda lime)
7. Disposable glassware
84
- the temperature where
the glass softens or will transform
from solid to liquid
Strain point
85
Heating beyond strained point could
lead to _________
breakage
86
A.k.a Aluminosilicate glass
● With aluminum oxide
3. Alumina-Silicate Glass
87
Can withstand very strong acids, bases,
hydrocarbons, and concentrated alcohols
Alumina silica glass
