Optative subjunctive Flashcards
What does the optative indicate?
A more remote possibility (we might do X)
Present active optative
παυ-οιμι παυ - οιμεν
παυ - οις παυ - οιτε
παυ - οι παυ - οιεν
Present middle/passive optative
παυ - οιμην παυ - οιμεθα
παυ - οιο παυ - οισθε
παυ - οιτο παυ - οιντο
Optative form of the verb ‘to be’
ειην ειμεν
ειης ειτε
ειη ειεν
Strong aorist optative
Active middle passive uses aorist telescoped endings
λαβ - οιμι λαβ - οιμην ληφθ - ειην
λαβ - οις λαβ - οιο ληφθ - ειης
λαβ - οι λαβ - οιτο ληφθ - ειη
λαβ - οιμεν λαβ - οιμεθα ληφθ - ειμεν
λαβ - οιτε λαβ - οισθε ληφθ- ειτε
λαβ - οιεν λαβ - οιντο ληφθ - ειεν
Weak aorist optative
Active middle passive
παυ - αιμι παυσ - αιμην παυσθ - ειην
παυ - αις or -ειας παυσ - αιο παυσθ - ειης
παυ - αι or -ειε(ν) παυσ - αιτο παυσθ - ειη
παυ - αιμεν παυσ - αιμεθα παυσθ - ειμεν
παυ - αιτε παυσ - αισθε παυσθ - ειτε
παυ - αιεν or -ειαν παυσ - αιντο παυσθ -ειεν
alt. endings more common
Future optative
Active middle passive
παυσ - οιμι παυσ - οιμην παυσθησ - οιμην
etc. etc. etc.
Optative forms of contracted verbs
Active Middle/Passive Αctive Middle/Passive
φιλ-οιην φιλ-οιμην τιμ-ωην τιμ-ωμην
φιλ-οιης φιλ-οιο τιμ-ωης τιμ-ωο
φιλ-οιη φιλ-οιτο τιμ-ωη τιμ-ωτο
φιλ-οιμεν φιλ-οιμεθα τιμ-ωμεν τιμ-ωμεθα
φιλ-οιτε φιλ-οισθε τιμ-ωτε τιμ-ωσθε
φιλ-οιεν φιλ-οιντο τιμ-ωεν τιμ-ωντο
aorist optative of contracted verbs
Active Middle Passive
φιλησ-αιμι φιλησ-αιμην φιληθ-ειην
τιμησ-αιμι τιμησ-αιμην τιμηθ-ειην
future optative of contracted verbs
Active Middle Passive
φιλησ-οιμι φιλησ-οιμην φιληθησ-οιμην
τιμησ-οιμι τιμησ-οιμην τιμηθησ-οιμην
Sequence of the optative
The subjunctive, in primary sequence.
The optative, in historic sequence
Sequence determines whether the subjunctive or the optative is used, whether that subjunctive or optative is present or the aorist is determined etirely by aspect.
E.g. we eat in order to be strong
We are waiting in order to hear the messanger
What are tenses divided into?
Primary (present and future)
Historic (imperfect and aorist)
What is ‘sequence’
Sequence refers to the process by which the form of the verb in a clause that follows on from the main clause is determined by whether the main or introductory verb is primary or historic
Use of the optative (2):
