Chapter ten Flashcards
Indirect statement (1)
An indirect statement report’s someones words or thoughts. Greek has three ways of expressing it -
a ‘that’ clause (she says that the story is true)
an infinitive (she believes the story to be true)
a participle (she regards the story as being true)
each preffered by particular verbs or types of verbs.
Indirect statement: with ‘that’ clause
The usual method with verbs of saying (λεγω, aorist usually ειπον) and verbs which imply saying e.g. αποκρινομαι (I reply).
The ‘that clause behaves like a seperate sentence and keeps the tense of what was said or thought at the time.
If the introductory verb is past, English moves back a tense in translation: a present tense comes out in the imperfect, a past as a pluperfect, and a future as ‘future in the past’ (was going to/would)
Indirect statement: with infinitive
With verbs of thinking (e.g. νομιζω) and with φημι (another for for say).
infinitive =tense of orginal, english back tense
aorist inf. used by tense (to have done X)
Subject of inf. is acc. agreement is nom.
Indirect statement: with participle
Verbs of perception (οραω, i see) ακουω, i hear and οιδα , i know and γιγνωσκω (i get to know)
Participle = tense of the orginal , english moves back
subject acc. if diff from main verb and nom. if same
Indirect statement: summary
Negative always ου
new subject in inf. + part is acc.
nom or left out if same as introductory verb
The verb ‘to give’
Future: δωσω
aorist: εδωκα (inf. δουναι)
Result clauses with infinitive
result clauses that suggest a natural or likely result have their verb in the inf.
subject is acc if diff from introductory verb
nom or left out if same
Verbs with alpha contraction
Contraction rules for verbs with stems ending in α are-
α + ε or η = long α
α + ο or ω = ω
ι = subscript
υ = dissapears
e.g. τιμαω = i honour is τιμω, 3rd sg, τιμα (iota), imp. ετιμων and aorist ετιμησα
Irregular comparatives and superlatives
adjectives with irregular superlative -ιστος, e.g. μεγιστος, 3-3
Ireg comparative, -ων -ον, (gen. -ονος) e.g. μειζων (bigger)
Direct and indirect questions
Direct and indirect questions use πως type words
Indirect questions use ‘that’ clause of indirect statements, same tense rule of the orginal.
open question with αρα uses ει in indirect form
indirect questions often introduced by ερωταω (i ask), aorists ηρωτησα, ηρομην
Chapter ten vocab-
Shameful
to blame for/responsible for + gen
better,
up +acc
without + gen
i shout
i laugh
after a short time/soon
i give
i throw into/i invade
i escape
less/weaker/inferior
fewer
least, very little of, weakest
fewest
Greece
Greek, man
+ acc = againts/on/at
i ask a question
quickest/swifter (comp)
i sleep
worse
+ according to/by/down/along and + gen down/down from
by land
by sea
i obtain/acquire
especially, most of all
i conquer/i win
i think/i consider
i know
i see
no longer
i try
more of
more comp.
very much/very great
most, very many superlative
except + gen
where to
what sort of
how big
how many
easy
fastest, very quick superlative
as quickly as possible
i honour
+ gen on behalf of
i say
i use + dat
makes clause indef or conditional e.g. would
if
in order to/so that
αισχρος -α -ον, shameful
αιτιος -α -ον = to blame for/responisble for + gen
αμεινων -ον = better, comparative of αγαθος
ανα
ανευ
βοαω, εβοησα
γελαω, εγελασα
δι’ολιυου
διδωμι, fut. δωσω aor. εδωκα
εισβαλλω, εισεβαλον
εκφευγω, εξεφυγον
ελασσων -ον
pl. ελασσονες -α
ελαχιστος -η -ον
pl. ελαχιστοι -αι -α
Ελλας -αδος
Ελλην -ηνος
επι
ερωταω, ηρωτησα/ηρομην
θασσων -ον
καθευδω, imp. εκαθευδον/καθηυδον
κακιων -ον
κατα
κατα γην
κατα θαλασσαν
κταομαι, εκτησαμην
μαλιστα
μειζων -ον
νικαω, ενικησα
νομιζω, ενομισα
οιδα
οραω, ειδον
ουκετι
παρα
πειραομαι, επειραθην
περι
πλειων -ον
pl. πλειονες
πλειστος -η -ον
pl. πλειστοι
πλην
ποι
ποιος -α -ον
ποσος -η -ον
pl. ποσοι, -αι, -α
προ
ραδιος -α -ον
ταχιστος -η -ον
ως ταχιοτα
τιμαω, ετιμησα
υπερ
φημι imp. εφην
χραομαι, εχρησαμην
αν
εαν
ινα
