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MDTA > Opioid Analgesia > Flashcards

Opioid Analgesia Flashcards

0
Q

Opiate

A

Drug derived from opium

Morphine, codeine, diamorphine

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1
Q

Opium

A

Derived from the Greek word ‘Opus’

The extract from an opium plant

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2
Q

Opioid

A

Opioid receptor agonists

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3
Q

How many alkaloids in Opium?

A

> 20

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4
Q

Name the 3 opioid subtypes

A

Mu

Papa

Delta

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5
Q

What is morphine metabolised to?

A

M3G (neuro- excitory effects)

M6G (additional analgesic effects)

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6
Q

What are the slow & immediate release morphines?

A

Slow = MST

Immediate = Oramorph

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7
Q

What’s more lipid soluble: Diamorphine or morphine?

A

Diamorphine

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8
Q

What is diamorphine (heroin) metabolised to?

A

6-monoacetylmorphine (6MAM)

Morphine

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9
Q

What is co-codamol?

A

Paracetamol & codeine

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10
Q

What is cytochrome P450?

A

An enzyme
Found in liver
Metabolises things
…..

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11
Q

Name an ‘atypical opioid’

A

Tramadol

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12
Q

Why is tramadol poorly tolerated in the elderly?

A

It acts on central receptors

GABA, seroternergic, catecholamines

They get agitated

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13
Q

Name a weak opioid

A

Codeine

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14
Q

What opioid receptors does oxycodone act on?

A

Mu & kappa

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15
Q

Bioavailability

A

When drug enters body how much is available to use?

16
Q

What is the oral bioavailability if morphine?

A

Between 30-70%

17
Q

Name the advantage of oxycodone

A

It has a high oral bioavailability

18
Q

What receptor does methadone act on?

A

Mu

19
Q

When is methadone used?

A

In opioid addiction (long half life) and neuropathic pain

20
Q

Where is methadone metabolised?

A

The liver

Excreted in faeces

21
Q

What opioid agonist can only be injected, crosses te BB barrier very quickly, and is 80✖️ more potent than morphine?

A

Fentanyl

22
Q

What will reduce chance of heroin overdose & taken sublingually in opioid addiction?

A

Buprenorphine

23
Q

Name 4 side effects of opioids

A

Nausea & Vomiting (CTZ)
Sedation
Constipation
Hypotension

24
Q

What is seen in opioid toxicity?

A

Pupillary construction
Convulsion
Respiratory depression!!!
Unconscious

25
Q

Name opioid antagonists

A

Naloxone

Naltrexone

Methylnaltrexone

26
Q

What would you give a patient who has overdosed on heroin?

A

Naloxone infusion

MDTA (20 decks)

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