Anticoagulants Flashcards
Name the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation, seen in DVT
Redness Warmth Swelling Pain (DVT is most common cause)
Name 3 factors that cause thrombosis
Risk factors for VENOUS thromboembolism
Age Weight History of previous VTE Operation type/duration Presence of malignancy ❤️ failure (⬇️CO & V return) Prolonged immobility
Risk factors for ARTERIAL thromboembolism
Presence of AF ❤️ failure Diabetes mellitis Hypertension History of previous/ stroke
Ideal anticoagulant
Rapid onset & offset
Predictable pharmacokinetics & anticoagulant response
Availability of safe antidote
Affordable
Orally active
No off-target effects, no need to monitor
What tissue factors does unfractionated heparin affect
Factor 2a & 10a
Why converts fibrinogen➡️fibrin?
Factor 2a
What tissue factor does low molecular weight heparin affect?
Factor 10a
Name a LMWH
Enoxaparin
What’s the 1/2 life of UFH?
1.5 hrs
1/2 life of LMWHs?
4 hrs
Whats the antidote for UFH overdose?
Protamine sulphate
Can our give a heparin orally?
NO
Antidote for warfarin overdose?
Vitamin K
What’s the name for factor 2?
Thrombin
What enzyme does Warfarin inhibit?
Vitamin K reductase
What clotting factors does warfarin activate/ what are the vitamin K dependant clotting factors?
2, 7, 9 & 10
What’s the healthy INR of someone not on anticoagulants?
0.8-1.2
What’s the major adverse effect of warfarin?
Haemorrhage
What’s the target INR for someone on Warfarin?
2.5
Name a drug that inhibits warfarin metabolism
Amiodarone
Anti fungal agents
What disease can result from pregnant women ingesting warfarin
Warfarin embryopathy = malformations
