Ophthalmology Flashcards
S/E of Pan retinal photocoagulation:
Decrease in night vision(Reduced rod cell function)
MOA of B blockers in Open angle glaucoma:
Decrease aqueous humour production.
Differentiate Uveitis and angle closure glaucoma :
Uveitis— Fixed small pupils
Angle closure glaucoma— Semi dilated pupils + Redness + painful eye.
What is ass with Holmes adie pupil ?
Absent leg reflexes.
Pupils in Holmes adie pupil ?
Holmes= Huge eyes= Dilated pupils.
Absent leg reflexes+ left pupil is small , right pupil is larger + Loss of light reflexes in right eye. Dx?
Right Holmes adie pupil defect.
Vitamin A rare side effect:
Papilloedema
Papillodema rare side effect :
Vitamin A toxicity
Pain + Redness+ Blurry vision + Photophobia+ fixed oval pupils + cilliary Flush. Dx
Anterior Uveitis
Anterior Uveitis
Pain + Redness+ Blurry vision + Photophobia+ fixed oval pupils + cilliary Flush.
Drugs causing Angle Closure Glaucoma :
Anticholinergics and Tricylic Antidepressants. ( Amitryptiline)
Amitryptiline can precipitate which eye problem ?
Angle closure Glaucoma.
Hypopyon + Normal pupillary reaction ?
Keratitis.
Differentiate keratitis and uveitis :
Keratitis— Hypopyon + Normal pupillary reaction.
Uveitis— Hypopyon + Sluggish pupillary reaction.
Heterochromia is associated with ?
Horner syndrome
right and left pupils dilate when light is shone into the right eye. Lesion ?
Right RAPD
Dilated Eye= Defected Eye.
Pre ganglion horner syndrome causes ?
Pancoast Tumour
Pre ganglion Horner’s symptoms :
Ptosis + Miosis + Anhydrosis—only in face
Central Horner’s syndrome symptoms :
Ptosis + Miosis + Anhydrosis—arms and trunks.
Post ganglion Horner’s symptoms :
Ptosis + Miosis + Anhydrosis—Absent.
Central Horner’s causes:
C=S= Stroke, Synrigomyelia.
Post ganglion Horner’s causes :
Carotid artery dissection
Blepharitis R:
Hot compresses + Mechanical removal of eyelids.
Acute angle Closure Glaucoma Rx:
Pilocarpine( Constricts pupil—Increase Drainage) + IV Acetazolamide( Decreases Aqueous Humour production )
Open angle glaucoma is associated with Hypermetropia or myopia ?
Ass with Myopia.
Flashes and Floaters is ass with :
Viterous/ Retinal Detachment.
Loss of vision—starts at edges—progresses to centre + Flashes/Floaters. Dx:
Retinal detachment
Strongest Risk Factor for Macular Degeneration.
Smoking.
Family History + Night blindness + Tunnel Vision. Dx:
Retinitis pigmentosa.
Retinitis pigmentosa
Family History + Night blindness + Tunnel Vision. Dx:
HTN Retinopathy staging :
1- Av narrowing
2- AV nipping
3- cotton wool spots
Flam and blot Haemorhage
4- Papiloedma
Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with which condition ?
Alport syndrome.
Neovascularisation in Diabetes patient Rx:
Laser therapy.
Dry age macular degeneration Rx:
No treatment available
Tunnel vision Mnemonic :
CHOP your way into Ganga River
Choriodoretinitis
Hysteria
Optic atrophy due to Tabes Dorsalis
Papillodema
Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa.
Pupil in Argyll Robertson pupil ?
Small irregular pupils
Weiss Ring is seen in :
Post viterous detachment.
Following panretinal laser photocoagulation up to 50% of patients have a :
noticeable reduction in their visual field.
Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analog
Increased Uveoscleral outflow.
There is pain in eye movement, with a relative afferent pupillary defect and central scotoma. Which defect will be associated with?
Diagnosis: Optic neuritis
Poor discrimination of colours ( Red Desaturation)
Suspected Orbital Cellulitis. Next step ?
IV antibiotics + Admit in the hospital
Latanaprost MOA :
Increases Uveosceral outflow.
Bevacizumab MOA:
Inhibits vascular endothelial growth factors.
Decrease in vision over hours/days + pain worse on eye movement + Poor discrimination of colours + Central scotoma + RAPD.
Optic neuritis.
Visual field defect in optic neuritis ?
Central scotoma
Holmes adie is U/L or B/L ?
Majority are U/l
Persistent watering of eyes+ Erythema and swelling of inner canthus. Dx?
Dacryocystitis
First line Rx in open angle glaucoma ?
Prostaglandins analogues ( Latanoprost )
Herpes zoster opthalmicus Rx:
Oral Acyclovir
Most common manifestation in RA :
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
sudden painless loss of vision + severe retinal haemorrhages on fundoscopy
Central retinal vein occlusion
Dorzolamide Is :
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA:
Decreases production of Aqueous Humour
Amorousis Fugax first line Rx:
Aspirin 300 MG
history of Paget’s disease is noted to have irregular dark red lines radiating from the optic nerve. What is the likely diagnosis?
Angiod retinal streaks.
when the light is shone in the right eye both pupils constrict but when the light source immediately moves to the left eye both eyes appear to dilate.
Left Optic neuritis( RAPD)
Herpes simplex keratitis Rx:
Topical acyclovir
Herpes simplex keratitis flouroscein ?
Dendritic pattern
Painless loss of vision + Fundoscopy—red spot
CRAO
Mydriasis + Now—pain in eye + Decreased vision. Dx:
Angle closure Glaucoma
Which macular degeneration carries the worst prognosis ?
Wet macular degeneration
contraindication of the prescription of such supplements in macular degeneration ?
Smoking.
Funny spots + Flashes and Floaters in vision ?
Posterior viterous detachment.
sign which is strongly predictive for ocular involvement in herpes zoster opthalmicus ?
Hutchinson sign ( Presence of the rash on tip of the nose )
Age related macular degeneration is suspected. Which is the next investigation ?
Flouroscien angiography—to check extent of neovascularisation.
Retinitis Pigmentosa fundoscopy findings:
black bone spicule-shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina
