Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

vtt 111 - small animal > ophthalmology > Flashcards

ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

The anatomical structures that carries nerve impulses from the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Palpebrae is the scientific term for what ophthalmic structure?

A

eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The true perception of sight occurs where in the body?

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do the tarsal (meibomian) glands secrete

A

oily substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The tarsal glands are located in what ophthalmic structure?

A

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The physiological function of the tarsal gland

A

secrete oily substance to keep tears from flowing onto the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The lining of the eyelids

A

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The scientific term for the 3rd eyelid

A

nictitating membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The medical term for inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is the visible portion of the 3rd eyelid located

A

medial canthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The name of structure that produces tears

A

lacrimal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The physiological function of the ocular tears

A

to lubricate the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The name of the anatomical structure that carries tears from the lacrimal glands to the eyes

A

Lacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ophthalmic structure that is white in color and provides a strong protective cover for the eye

A

sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The structure that covers the front of the eye and is transparent

A

cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lesion or trauma to the cornea will result in inflammation. The term for this condition is

A

keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The iris is part of which ophthalmic structure?

A

uvea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The colored portion of the eye

A

iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The color of iris in true albino animal is

A

pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In domestic dogs, the most common color of the iris is

A

brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The physiological function of the pupil

A

to let light in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The normal color of the pupil in most domestic animals

A

black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The ophthalmic structure that is responsible for many animal’s eyes to appear like they “shine in the dark”

A

tapetum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The normal shape of the domestic cat’s pupil

A

vertical slit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An opacity or cloudiness of the optic lens

A

cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The transparent gelatinous mass that fills the posterior compartment behind the optic lens

A

vitreous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The areas in front of the optic lens are normally filled with a substance called

A

aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Physiologically, glaucoma results from

A

flow of aqueous humor is disrupted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Glaucoma

A

abnormal increase in Intraocular Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lines inner surface of the eyelids

A

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

nictitating membrane

A

3rd eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

transparent covering of the eyeball

A

cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

carries nervous impulses from the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

structure of the eyeball that controls light entering the eye

A

pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

white protective covering of the eye

A

sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

structure that reflects light from the back to the front of the eye

A

tapetum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

“colored” portion of the eyeball

A

iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

fluid in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

A

aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

secretes oily substance that helps prevent tears from spilling onto the face

A

tarsal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

turning in of the eyelid margins toward
the cornea

A

entropian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When an animal has entropion, what structure of the eye is affected?

A

eyelid

42
Q

When an animal has an entropion, what clinical symptoms may be present?

A

a. Keratitis
b. corneal ulceration
c. epiphora
d. blepharospasm

43
Q

What structure of the eye may be damaged if entropion is severe?

A

cornea

44
Q

turning out of the eyelid

A

ectropion

45
Q

Ectropion normally involves what ophthalmic structure?

A

lower eyelid

46
Q

Ectropion is considered normal in what canine breeds?

A

a. Bassett
b. St. Bernard
c. Bloodhound
d. Cocker Spaniel

47
Q

Distichiasis is an abnormality of which ophthalmic structure?

A

eyelashes

48
Q

What structure of the eye may be damaged if the condition of distichiasis is present?

A

cornea

49
Q

What are the common symptoms in the ophthalmic disorder distichiasis?

A

a. blepharospasm
b. keratitis
c. conjunctivitis
d. corneal ulceration
e. epiphora

50
Q

The technical phrase for dry eye

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

51
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca will cause serious damage to what ophthalmic structure?

A

cornea

52
Q

The ophthalmic structure that is responsible for the normal drainage of tears from the eye

A

lacrimal ducts

53
Q

The condition, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, results from

A

inadequate tear production

54
Q

The common terms for the prolapse of the gland of the nictitans

A

cherry eye

55
Q

The ophthalmic disease pannus is most commonly encountered in what canine breed?

A

German shepherds

56
Q

The ophthalmic disease pannus affects what eye structure?

A

cornea

57
Q

Untreated glaucoma will ultimately result in what irreversible condition?

A

blindness

58
Q

Physiologically, what is occurring when the condition glaucoma is present?

A

Flow of Aqueous humor is disrupted resulting in too much pressure

59
Q

The most common symptom observed clinically in animals with glaucoma

A

buphthalmos

60
Q

Buphthalmos

A

enlargement of the globe

61
Q

Untreated glaucoma will damage what ophthalmic structures?

A

retina and optic nerve; also causing blindness

62
Q

A cataract is abnormality of what optic structure?

A

ocular lens

63
Q

The physiological function of optic lens in the sense of sight

A

focus (refract) light

64
Q

lenticular sclerosis? When is this condition encountered in clinical practice?

A

Mild decrease in lens transparency caused by compression of lens fibers; occurs in dogs 6yrs and older

65
Q

T/F Most dogs 6 years of age or older that have a bluish-gray haze of the pupil are suffering from cataracts and have impaired vision.

A

False

66
Q

Rapidly progressive cataracts commonly occur with what diseases?

A

Diabetes Mellitus
nutritional deficiencies
trauma

67
Q

A visually impaired dog is brought into the clinic where you are working. The animal and owner are shown into an exam room. What clinical signs would you expect the animal to display as it enters the exam room?

A

a. walks with head down
b.“hugs” the wall
c. hesitant to move about the room

68
Q

To perform a gross ocular examination, the best position the examiner can assume in relation to the animal, to observe ocular position abnormalities and the size of the globe, is:

A

from above the head looking down

69
Q

Abnormal recession of the eye into the orbit

A

enophthalmos

70
Q

Siamese cats commonly display what eye position deviations?

A

esotropia (one eye is deviated inward)

71
Q

Abnormal protrusion of the eye from the orbit

A

exophthalmos

72
Q

Exophthalmos is a common breed disposition in

A

Boston terriers and pugs

73
Q

The test used to determine nerve and extraocular muscle function of the eyes

A

Tonic Eye Reflex Test

74
Q

Describe how the Tonic Eye Reflex test is performed. What would indicate the presence of abnormalities?

A

a. turn patient’s head to the right to the left and then upward and downward observing what happens to the position of the eye in the socket

b. as the head is moved the eyes should start to head in the direction the head is being moved but then come back to normal position

c. if eyes do not move in sync together or do not go back into normal positon the test result is abnormal

75
Q

Describe the characteristics of a serous ocular discharge

A

Watery, thin, no color

76
Q

Describe the characteristic of a purulent ocular discharge

A

Thick yellow in color

77
Q

T/F A small amount of ocular discharge at the medial canthus of the eye in the morning when the animal awakens is normal.

A

true

78
Q

The ophthalmic procedure that is part of the vision test that determines if the pupils are functioning properly

A

Pupillary Light Reflex Test

79
Q

The instrument that is used to perform the PLR test

A

transilluminator/pen light

80
Q

Describe how to perform the Direct Pupillary Light Reflex Test

A

Shine the pen light into the right or left eye and the pupil of that eye should constrict

81
Q

Describe how to perform the Indirect Pupillary Light Reflex test

A

Shine the pen light into the right eye and the pupil of the left eye should also constrict

82
Q

When performing the Indirect Pupillary Light Reflex Test, what observation would indicate an abnormality?

A

Fixed dilated or fixed constricted pupils

83
Q

The administration of atropine sulfate, either systematically or topically (into the eye) will result in

A

Mydriasis (dilated pupils)

84
Q

What could result in fixed dilation of the pupils?

A

Extreme fear
severe shock
death
administration of a mydriatic drug
anesthesia

85
Q

The term meaning constriction of the pupil

A

Miotic

86
Q

Tear production is evaluated by using what diagnostic test?

A

Schirmer Tear Test (STT)

87
Q

The Schirmer Tear Test would be used when which ophthalmic disorder is suspected?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (“dry eye”)

88
Q

What is a normal test result when performing the Schirmer Tear Test in the canine?

A

> 15mm/min

89
Q

When performing a STT on an animal, what should not be done that could result in inaccurate results? Indicate how each would alter results?

A

a. apply topical anesthetics - would decrease tear production
b. test under anesthesia - tear production is decreased
c. give eye meds prior to testing - could increase tear production

90
Q

two ophthalmic diagnostic procedures for Fluorescein

A

a. detect corneal lesions
b. determine patency of lacrimal duct

91
Q

Explain how fluorescein works

A

water soluble dye that will not stain normal corneal tissue, cannot penetrate the lipid soluble epithelial layer

92
Q

Fluorescein is used to detect

A

corneal lesions

93
Q

Fluorescein dye has been placed in an animal’s eye suspected of having a corneal abrasion. If an abrasion is present, the abrasion will appear what color?

A

bright green

94
Q

When fluorescein is used to determine the patency of the nasolacrimal system, the dye is applied into what structure? If the tear ducts are patent, the dye will be observed exiting what structure?

A

eyes; nares

95
Q

What is a common local anesthetic that is used in ophthalmic procedures?

A

proparacaine

96
Q

Tonometry is an ophthalmic test used to determine

A

Intraocular pressure

97
Q

Tonometry is used to diagnose what ophthalmic disorders?

A

glaucoma

98
Q

The Tono-Pen measures IOP by measuring what?

A

Indentation of the cornea

99
Q

What result would indicate the presence of increased IOP when using the Tono-pen?

A

Decreased indentation of the cornea or a result of >25mm/hg

100
Q

What drug should be administered to the eyes before Tonometry is performed? Why?

A

Proparacaine, local anesthetic to reduce pain/feeling during procedure

101
Q

How many readings for each eye should be taken when performing tonometry?

A

3-4

vtt 111 - small animal (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions