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vtt 111 - small animal > ectoparasite > Flashcards

ectoparasite Flashcards

1
Q

ectoparasite

A

parasite living on or in the skin of the host

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2
Q

two major groups of arthropod ectoparasites infecting domestic animals

A

Incsecta (mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas)
Acarine (mites, ticks)

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3
Q

What is the most common flea species that infest dogs and cats in the United States?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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4
Q

True or False: Fleas have wings and can fly short distances

A

false

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5
Q

sole diet of adult fleas

A

blood

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6
Q

characteristics of adult fleas (5)

A

body compressed laterally, macroscopic, wingless, large powerful rear legs, piercing sucking mouthparts

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7
Q

four stages of the flea life cycle

A

a. adult
b. egg
c. larvae
d. pupae

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8
Q

egg of C. felis fleas

A

pearly white, oval, 1⁄2 mm long

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9
Q

Where in the pet’s home do most of the eggs of C. felis end up?

A

a. carpet
b. furniture
c. bedding

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10
Q

Two environmental conditions that will affect the length of time for the completion of C. felis flea

A

a. temperature
b. humidity

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11
Q

The optimal environmental conditions for the completion of the life cycle of C. felis flea

A

a. 65-85 degrees
b. 70 % humidity

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12
Q

The female adult, C. felis, flea lays approximately how many eggs per day

A

40-50

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13
Q

Why are the fleas usually not a problem in the desert and mountain areas of the United States?

A

Extreme heat, low humidity

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14
Q

What will cause the pre-emerged adult C. felis flea to emerge from its cocoon?

A

Presence of a host (vibrations, C02 emission)

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15
Q

The stage of the life cycle of C. felis flea where the pre-emerged adult is found

A

Cocoon (pupae)

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16
Q

What seasons of the year (in the midwest) are extreme flea problems most likely to be encountered?

A

Spring & Summer, optimum temp and humidity

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17
Q

Under optimum environmental conditions, approximately how long does it take for the eggs of C. felis flea to become an adult flea?

A

14-42 days

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18
Q

Under unfavorable conditions, it may take up to how many days to complete the life cycle of C. felis flea?

A

200+

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19
Q

Heavy infestation of fleas on young animals may result in what clinical condition?

A

Anemia

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20
Q

You are examining an animal that the owner says is scratching like crazy, but they can’t find any fleas. What should you look for (besides adult fleas) to determine if fleas are present?

A

Flea dirt-white paper test (spray with water to show red digested blood)

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21
Q

An animal has been diagnosed as having flea bite allergy. What is it that the animal is allergic to?

A

Saliva of flea

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22
Q

What symptoms do animals suffering from flea bite allergy dermatitis display clinically?

A

Alopecia, self-mutilation due to severe itching/pruritus

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23
Q

Which of the internal parasites (that infect dogs and cats) do fleas serve as an intermediate host for?

A

Dipylidium caninum

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24
Q

T or F The C. felis flea will bite and attempt to obtain a blood meal from humans if a preferred host is not available.

A

true

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25
T or F Flea bite allergic dermatitis may result from the presence of only one or two adult fleas on an animal that is sensitized.
true
26
Considering the life cycle of C. felis flea, which of the stages of the cycle occur in the environment (home, kennel, etc.)?
egg, larvae, pupae
27
Which of the stage of the flea life cycle are susceptible to insecticides such as pyrethrins or synthetic pyrethroids?
Adult only
28
Mrs. Jones has called to find out how to get rid of the fleas on “Spike”, her 9-month old Cocker Spaniel. She has tried everything on Spike, including sprays, collars, yeast, garlic and an ultrasonic device. There are also two cats in the home, but they don’t seem to be having the problem as bad as Spike. She hasn’t been “treating” the cats. a. What mistake(s) has Mrs. Jones made in her attempts to treat the flea problem? b. Design a complete Flea Control Program for Mrs. Jones and her animals. Write each step in the order they should be performed.
a. not treating cats b. 1. Kill adult fleas (provide relief) can use medicated flea shampoo (pyrethrin) but only kills adult fleas, applying topical flea control product is more effective 2. Eliminate infestation (environment) can purchase pump sprays, bombs, or hire a professional exterminator may need to do this also every 4 weeks depending on extent of infestation (some recommend treating the yard also) 3. Prevent re-infestation- apply flea control product every 30 days year round
29
A total approach to flea control is necessary. What are common mistakes made resulting in unsuccessful flea control?
Not continuing to treat animal, or missing a treatment, not treating environment/home, not treating all pets
30
Pediculosis
louse infection
31
T or F: Lice are not species-specific and will live on any warm-blooded host.
false
32
The singular term for lice
louse
33
two major classifications of the insect group lice
mallophaga and anoplura
34
Lice eggs
nits
35
T or F: The biting louse has a small, narrow head compared to the sucking louse.
false
36
T or F: In general, lice are not visible with the naked eye
false
37
Where are louse eggs commonly found?
Stuck to hairs or feathers
38
symptoms of lice infestations
a. pruritis b. alopecia c. ill-kept hair coat (mats)
39
Where on the body of dogs and cats are lice most commonly found?
Under matted hair close to skin
40
How can lice be eradicated from an infested animal?
Pyrethrin shampoo 2-3 times every 10 days
41
T or F: The species of animal lice are zoonotic.
false
42
This scientific name for biting lice
Mallophaga
43
When looking for ticks on an animal’s body, where on an infected animal would you most likely find the parasites?
a. head b. neck c. pinna
44
Two major classifications (families) of ticks
a. Argasidae-soft b. Ixodidae-hard
45
What is the scientific name for the American Dog Tick?
Dermacentor variabilis
46
Ixodes dammini is commonly known as the
deer tick
47
Mrs. Brown is on the phone. She was on a camping trip in southern Illinois three weeks ago. She is calling because her dog, Sport (who was also on vacation), has a number of ticks on his body. She wants to know how to treat the dog to remove the ticks and how to get rid of them in her house. What instructions would you give her?
- The most important point is to remove the entire tick including the head - Then use tick shampoo/tick control product on pet and in environment
48
Cuterebra spp is commonly known as the
rodent bot fly larvae
49
The most common time of the year for Cuterebriasis to occur is
late summer
50
What symptoms do animals suffering from Cuterebriasis display clinically?
Swelling nodule on neck
51
Demodicosis is caused by
demodex
52
Demodicosis is also known as
red mange
53
The Demodex spp mite is a normal inhabitant of the skin of
dogs, cats, humans
54
Where does the causative agent, Demodex canis, of Demodicosis complete its life cycle?
Hair follicle sebaceous glands
55
What constitutes a positive skin scraping for untreated generalized Demodicosis?
More than 1-2 mites per microscopic field
56
List all of the steps of performing a skin scraping: (6)
1. Make 2 separate pools of mineral oil on each side 2. Lightly coat edge of scalpel blade with mineral oil 3. Clip long-haired dogs where scrapings are to be made 4. Pinch skin between thumb and forefinger (expresses material and mites from hair follicles) 5. Scrape until droplets of blood begin to appear 6. Place collected material into one of mineral oil pools, stir with blade or spatula - Make at least 5 scrapings!
57
T or F: Generalized Demodicosis occurs prior to the occurrence of localized Demodicosis
false
58
T or F: Localized Demodicosis is the forerunner to generalized Demodicosis
true
59
T or F: The number of lesions and portions of the body involved differ from case to case
true
60
T or F: Animals with generalized Demodicosis will recover spontaneously
false
61
What is the the approved treatment for generalized Demodicosis?
Amitraz (Mitaban) dip-topical solution applied over entire body; selamectin is now being prescribed
62
How is Demodicosis diagnosed?
Deep skin scraping
63
The demodectic mite is normal fauna on the canine. Where or how is the parasite obtained by the animal?
transplacentally
64
Canine scabies is caused by
Sarcoptes Scabiei
65
T or F: Canine scabies is a zoonotic disease.
true
66
How is canine scabies transmitted from animal to animal?
Direct contact
67
The primary clinical symptom of Sarcoptic mange is
Extreme pruritus
68
T or F: Sarcoptic mange is not a contagious disease of dogs.
false
69
What test is done clinically to diagnose canine scabies?
deep skin scraping
70
What are the best sites to scrape when Sarcoptic mange is suspected?
Lateral margins of pinnae ventral chest lateral elbows
71
Minimally, how many skin scrapings should be done on an animal suspected of having Sarcoptic mange?
5
72
The common name for Cheyletiella
walking dandruff
73
T or F: Cheyletiella is not a contagious, zoonotic disease
false
74
What is the most distinctive clinical sign(s) that animals with Cheyletiellosis display?
scaling and crusting
75
Cheyletiella mites live primarily
on the surface of the skin
76
When performing skin scrapings to diagnose ectoparasites, what special consideration must be made for the parasite Cheyletiella?
Surface vs burrowing
77
When identifying the Cheyletiella mite, what is distinctive about these mites? (How can they be distinguished from the Sarcoptes mite?)
larger size longer legs horn-like mouth parts
78
The technical name for feline scabies is
notoedres
79
The most common clinical signs of feline scabies
a. pruritis b. scaling c. thick yellowish crusts d. alopecia
80
Trombiculosis is caused by what ectoparasite?
Harvest mite, chiggers
81
The common name for Otodectes cynotis
ear mite
82
How are ear mites transmitted?
Direct contact
83
The clinical signs of ear mite infection
intense pruritis, shaking head, scratching at ears
84
The life cycle of Otodectes cynotis is completed in about
3-4 weeks
85
Clinically, how are ear mites diagnosed?
ear smear
86
The most common drug used today to kill ear mites is
ivermectin (selamectin, moxidectin)
87
Why is it important to treat all animals in a household where one animal has been diagnosed positive for Otodectes cynotis?
very contagious
88
The ear mite of the rabbit is
Psoroptes cuniculi
89
The depth of the skin scraping is somewhat variable and is contingent on
suspected parasite
90
Why should the edges of the scalpel blade be moistened with mineral oil prior to scraping?
Helps gather debris/sample
91
When demodectic mange is suspected, why is “pinching” of the skin done prior to scraping?
Squeeze hair follicles
92
When demodectic mange is suspected, why is the scraping continued until droplets of capillary blood appear?
Deep-mite lives in hair follicle and sebaceous glands
93
When examining a skin scraping microscopically, what objective should be used?
4x-10x
94
When examining a skin scraping microscopically, at what level should illumination be maintained?
Low level

vtt 111 - small animal (15 decks)

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