lab midterm review

Question 1

steps for production of a diagnostic quality ECG (5)

Answer 1

1. prepare machine
2. prepare patient
3. production of tracing
4. prepare recording for vet
5. preliminary interpretation of tracing

Question 2

machine set up

Answer 2

1. plug in machine
2. position AC cord away from patient
3. attach electrode cable
4. check paper amount
5. turn on machine
6. check display screen
7. turn off before connecting patient

Question 3

preparing patient (7)

Answer 3

1. insulate (add towel or blanket)
2. position in right lateral recumbency
3. apply electrolyte gel
4. attach leads
5. electrode cable not draped over animal or dangling
6. turn on machine
7. make sure animal is not moving before beginning

Question 4

recognizing abnormalities (4)

Answer 4

• P wave for every QRS complex and vise versa
• distance between P and R waves is consistent
• R-R interval abnormal (not longer than 2x R-R)
• QRS complexes alike and normal shape

Question 5

recognizing artifacts (6)

Answer 5

• all 6 leads recorded for 6 seconds
• artifacts labeled
• severe baseline movement
• waves of complexes are on paper
• machine calibrated
• tracing labeled correctly

Question 6

making preliminary assessments (8)

Answer 6

• heart rate (lead II, 50mm/sec)
• heart rhythm
• P wave (amplitude and duration)
• P-R interval
• QRS complex
• R wave amplitude
• QT interval
• ST interval
• each box is 0.02 seconds across and 0.1 mV up

Question 7

preliminary assessment normals

Answer 7

HR: 70-180; 120-240
P wave: 0.4 mV and 0.04 sec; 0.2 mV by 0.04 sec
P-R interval: 0.06-0.13 sec; 0.05-0.09 sec
QRS: 2.5 mV/3 and 0.05 sec/0.06; 0.9 mV and 0.04 sec
S-T: depression max: 0.2 mV; elevation max: 0.15 mV (cat none)
Q-T: 0.15-0.25 sec; 0.12-0.18 sec

Question 8

extraoral dental exam

Answer 8

• symmetry of head
• eye swelling, discharge, pain
• ear redness, swelling, discharge/odor
• neck swollen salivary glands and lymph nodes
• cheek/face swelling, asymmetry

Question 9

intraoral dental exam

Answer 9

• buccal mucosa
• pharynx
• tongue
• palates
• tonsils

Question 10

setup dental machine for scaling

Answer 10

• hook up water supply and pressurize
• power at 3/4
• water set to low

Question 11

setup dental machine for polishing

Answer 11

• switch machine setting
• power low
• water low

Question 12

performing complete dental prophy

Answer 12

1. monitor anesthesia
2. rinse with nolvadent
3. remove heaviest calculus deposits
4. ultrasonic scaling
5. check for missed calculus
6. curettage
7. probing
8. polish
9. rinse polish
10. dry and apply fluoride

Question 13

client education on dental home care

Answer 13

• daily brushing with soft bristled brush, 5-10 seconds per tooth
• no human toothpaste
• being in early life
  -dental diets (mechanical, chemical, treats)
• dental rinses (chlorhexidine, zinc)
• chew toys (abrasive)