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Clinical Nursing May Exam > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

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1
Q

state roles of ophthalmology nurse

A 
prepare for procedures
cleaning and maintenance of delicate equipment
eye care
surgical anaesthesia
monitoring
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2
Q

describe what is seen in normal conformation of eyes

A

almond shaped

small amount of white laterally

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3
Q

list some signs of abnormal eye anatomy

A

white seen ventrally or dorsally
abnormal pupil shape
unequal pupils

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4
Q

list equipment needed for ophthalmic exams

A 
dark room
pen torch
direct ophthalmoscope
20D condensing lens
tonotometer
consumables- fluorescein, schrimer tear test strips
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5
Q

describe how to restrain patients for eye exam

A

hold at edge of table with one hand over back and round to chest and other holding up chin
minimal restraint as possible but may need muzzle or sedation

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6
Q

how should you approach blind patients?

A

speak as approaching

move slowly

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7
Q

what measures should be taken for patients with high IOP?

A

avoid increasing IVP
use harness not collar
no jugular samples
sedate

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8
Q

list history that needs taking for ophthalmic patients

A 
signalment
general history
other illnesses
current and previous eye conditions and treatment
vision
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9
Q

what is looked at in direct and close exam of eye patients?

A 
animals body condition
symmetry of face and eyes
ocular discharge
eyelids
pupils 
retroillumination with ophthalmoscope
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10
Q

what is the purpose of neuro-ophthalmic exams?

A

test vision and reflexes

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11
Q

what light detection tests are done in neuro-ophthalmic exam?

A

pupillary light reflex

dazzle reflex

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12
Q

what vision tests are done in neuro-ophthalmic exams?

A

menace response
tracking response
visual placing
maze test in bright and dim light

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13
Q

what is the purpose of close direct ophthalmoscopy?

A

use magnification to look at ocular structures details

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14
Q

what is meant by indirect ophthalmoscopy?

A

observing eyes from further away

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15
Q

list common ophthalmological diagnostic tests

A 
schrimer tear test
bacterial swab, culture, sensitivity, cytology
fluorescein staining
IOP measurement
gonioscopy
ocular ultrasound
electroretinogram
CT and MRI
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16
Q

what is the normal result for dogs schrimer tear test over a minute?

A

15-25mm

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17
Q

what is normal IOP?

A

10-25mmHg

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18
Q

what is needed to measure IOP?

A

schiotz tonometer
tonopen
tonovet
LA

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19
Q

when is gonioscopy indicated?

A

risk of inherited glaucoma
confirmed glaucoma
causes high IOP

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20
Q

what can be seen in CT and MRI of eyes?

A

retrobulbar abscesses
retrobulbar neoplasia
foreign body

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21
Q

what does OS stand for and what does it mean?

A

ocular sinister

left eye

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22
Q

what does OD stand for and what does it mean?

A

ocular dexter

right eye

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23
Q

what does OU stand for and what does it mean?

A

ocular uterque

both eyes

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24
Q

describe the process of administering eye drops

A

check medication and correct eye
clean away discharge
hold bottle in dominant thumb and fingers
other hand supports chin and holds up slightly
use fingers holding bottle to lift eyelids gently then squeeze bottle with hand resting on head to prevent bottle touching eye
if tolerates hold in position to allow drops to disperse

25
Q

what shows non-painful eyes?

A

wide even eyes
almond shaped
no discharge

26
Q

list some signs of painful eyes

A 
discharge
uneven eyes
ulcers and scratches
blepharospasm
increased tear production
light sensitivity
3rd eyelid protrusion
27
Q

define blepharospasm

A

involuntary blinking or twitching of eyelids

28
Q

what is the purpose of eye lubricants?

A

provide protective layer
sooth eyes
lubricate eyes

29
Q

when are eye lubes used?

A

almost all patients in surgery as no contraindications

30
Q

what do mydriatics do?

A

relief long term or during eye exams
pupil dilation
muscle spasm release
increase comfort

31
Q

when are topical antibiotics uses in eyes?

A

treat or prevent bacterial infection

32
Q

what do topical NSAIDs for eyes do?

A

treat eye inflammation

33
Q

what do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors do when applied to eyes?

A

reduce IOP

decrease production of aqueous humour

34
Q

what do prostaglandin analogues do for the eyes?

A

increase aqueous outflow

35
Q

list features of pre-anaesthetic checklist for eye surgery patients?

A 
physical exam
blood tests
ocular anaesthetic
opioid drops to reduce tear production
IV care if IOP high
insulin if diabetic
36
Q

when is the only time you need to clip eyelids for eye surgery?

A

if operating on eyelids

37
Q

when do you need to prepare globe for surgery?

A

only if operating on globe not surrounding area

38
Q

what is used to prep eye area and what concentrations?

A

povidone iodine
globe- 1:50
eyelids- 1:10

39
Q

describe how eyelids are prepped for surgery

A

wear gloves
apply lots of lube to eye
clip eyelid with sharp clippers
remove hair and gel from eyes with gauze swabs and sterile saline
prep globe and eyelids with povidone iodine
after 3 minutes flush globe with sterile saline to prevent cornea toxicity

40
Q

describe prep for intraocular surgery

A

wear gloves
prep globe with povidone iodine
after 3 minutes flush globe with sterile saline to prevent corneal toxicity

41
Q

list theatre prep needed before ophthalmic surgery

A

damp dust everything
set up ventilator (as neuromuscular blocking agents used may inhibit respiration)
operating microscope, equipment and consumables

42
Q

describe how to clean microsurgical instruments

A

remove gross material with distilled water and soft brush
check for damage
place in ultrasonic cleaner for 5-10 minutes with neutral pH cleaner on finger mat
air dry
autoclave on silicone finger mat
store flat

43
Q

state post op considerations for eye surgery patients

A 
harness
no jugular samples
buster collar
analgesia
eye medications
wound care
44
Q

what is exophthalmos?

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

45
Q

what causes exophthalmos?

A

orbital foreign body
tumour
abscess

46
Q

what is globe proptosis?

A

protruded eye with eyelids trapped behind the globe

47
Q

what is first aid for globe proptosis?

A

keep eye moist

get to practice quickly

48
Q

define entropion

A

inverted eyelids

49
Q

what are causes of entropion?

A

primary

secondary to trauma or surgery

50
Q

what is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

dry eyes due to lack of tear production

51
Q

what are signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

mucus discharge
pigmentation
new blood vessels

52
Q

how is keratoconjunctivitis sicca diagnosed?

A

schrimer tear test

53
Q

how is keratoconjunctivitis sicca treated?

A

topical medication to lubricate eyes

life long treatment

54
Q

list common ocular problems

A 
exophthalmos
globe protrusion
entropion
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
corneal ulcers
conjunctivitis
uveitis
cataract
retinal detachment
55
Q

define conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of conjunctiva

56
Q

define uveitis

A

inflammation of white of eye

57
Q

define cataract

A

increased opacity of the lens

58
Q

what is most common cause of retinal detachment?

A

secondary to renal failure

Clinical Nursing May Exam (22 decks)

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