Neutering Flashcards
when are bitch spays typically done?
anoestrus
6 months old before first season or 3 months after 1st season
why are bitch spays recommended to do early?
best chance of preventing mammary cancer
when is the typical age for dog castrate?
6-9 months or older
when are cat spays done?
4-6 months old or later
when are cat castrates done?
from 4-6 months when testicles large enough
what are reasons for neutering?
population control
controlling hereditary disease
state reasons for spaying
prevent pyometra, mammary cancer, false pregnancy, prolapse, neoplasia
assist diabetes and epilepsy management
state reasons for castration
manage behaviour such as roaming, male aggression, sexual behaviour
prevent testicular disease, perineal rupture, prostatic disease
infectious control of FIV
what are cons of spaying?
weight gain
coat change
urinary incontinence due to USMI
hypoplasia of external genitalia
what are cons of castration?
weight gain increased appetite coat change increased nervousness delayed closure of growth plates in giant breeds if done too early
what are the two methods of spaying and what surgical approach is used?
ovariectomy- laparoscopic
ovariohysterectomy- midline laparotomy
what are advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic spays?
adv- smaller incisions so reduced pain and quicker recovery
disadv- more expensive and less commonly done
describe positioning for bitch spay
dorsal recumbency for midline approach
what area is clipped for bitch spays?
umbilicus to pubis
2/3 width of animal or wider for lap spay
what instruments are needed for bitch spay?
standard soft tissue kit
3 or more large artery forceps
possibly spay hook
how are cats positioned for spays?
right lateral recumbency for flank incision
how do you find position to clip for cat spays?
make triangle from wing of ileum and greater trochanter
what instruments are needed for cat spay?
standard soft tissue kit
3 or more small artery forceps
spay hook
what are potential complications following spays?
haemorrhage ovarian remnant stump stump granuloma or pyometra urinary tract injury abdominal hernia infection
what should be monitored after neutering?
general post GA monitoring
signs of haemorrhage
wound issues
what tends to be analgesia protocol following spays and dog castrates?
opioids and NSAIDs on day of op
send home with oral NSAIDs
state considerations post neutering
keep quiet for 10 days with short walks and no jumping
feed bland diet after GA then normal food
check at 2-3 days and 10 days for suture removal
what are surgical methods of castration?
orchiectomy or vasectomy
how can you temporarily castrate?
chemical castration by suprelorin implant
what are the two types of castration?
open
closed
define open castration
vaginal tunic incised
define closed castration
vaginal tunic left intact
describe positioning and approach for incision for dog castrate
dorsal recumbency for pre-scrotal midline approach
where is clipped for dog castrate?
between tip of penis and scrotum, several cm each side
what instruments are needed for dog castrate?
standard soft tissue kit
at least 3 haemostats
how are cats positioned for castration?
lateral recumbency for 2 scrotal incisions
where is clipped for cat castrate?
scrotum and surrounding area
what instruments needed for cat castrate?
scalpel
how are retained testicles classed?
pre-scrotal
inguinal
abdominal
why do testicles need removing if both not fully descended by 6 months?
increased risk of neoplasia
when to testicles normally descend by?
30-40 days
what are complications of castration?
scrotal bruising scrotal swelling haemorrhage infection self trauma
what is analgesia protocol for cat castrates?
opioids and NSAIDs on day of op
