Neutering Flashcards

1
Q

when are bitch spays typically done?

A

anoestrus

6 months old before first season or 3 months after 1st season

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2
Q

why are bitch spays recommended to do early?

A

best chance of preventing mammary cancer

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3
Q

when is the typical age for dog castrate?

A

6-9 months or older

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4
Q

when are cat spays done?

A

4-6 months old or later

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5
Q

when are cat castrates done?

A

from 4-6 months when testicles large enough

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6
Q

what are reasons for neutering?

A

population control

controlling hereditary disease

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7
Q

state reasons for spaying

A

prevent pyometra, mammary cancer, false pregnancy, prolapse, neoplasia
assist diabetes and epilepsy management

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8
Q

state reasons for castration

A

manage behaviour such as roaming, male aggression, sexual behaviour
prevent testicular disease, perineal rupture, prostatic disease
infectious control of FIV

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9
Q

what are cons of spaying?

A

weight gain
coat change
urinary incontinence due to USMI
hypoplasia of external genitalia

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10
Q

what are cons of castration?

A
weight gain
increased appetite
coat change
increased nervousness
delayed closure of growth plates in giant breeds if done too early
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11
Q

what are the two methods of spaying and what surgical approach is used?

A

ovariectomy- laparoscopic

ovariohysterectomy- midline laparotomy

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12
Q

what are advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic spays?

A

adv- smaller incisions so reduced pain and quicker recovery

disadv- more expensive and less commonly done

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13
Q

describe positioning for bitch spay

A

dorsal recumbency for midline approach

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14
Q

what area is clipped for bitch spays?

A

umbilicus to pubis

2/3 width of animal or wider for lap spay

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15
Q

what instruments are needed for bitch spay?

A

standard soft tissue kit
3 or more large artery forceps
possibly spay hook

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16
Q

how are cats positioned for spays?

A

right lateral recumbency for flank incision

17
Q

how do you find position to clip for cat spays?

A

make triangle from wing of ileum and greater trochanter

18
Q

what instruments are needed for cat spay?

A

standard soft tissue kit
3 or more small artery forceps
spay hook

19
Q

what are potential complications following spays?

A
haemorrhage
ovarian remnant stump
stump granuloma or pyometra
urinary tract injury
abdominal hernia
infection
20
Q

what should be monitored after neutering?

A

general post GA monitoring
signs of haemorrhage
wound issues

21
Q

what tends to be analgesia protocol following spays and dog castrates?

A

opioids and NSAIDs on day of op

send home with oral NSAIDs

22
Q

state considerations post neutering

A

keep quiet for 10 days with short walks and no jumping
feed bland diet after GA then normal food
check at 2-3 days and 10 days for suture removal

23
Q

what are surgical methods of castration?

A

orchiectomy or vasectomy

24
Q

how can you temporarily castrate?

A

chemical castration by suprelorin implant

25
what are the two types of castration?
open | closed
26
define open castration
vaginal tunic incised
27
define closed castration
vaginal tunic left intact
28
describe positioning and approach for incision for dog castrate
dorsal recumbency for pre-scrotal midline approach
29
where is clipped for dog castrate?
between tip of penis and scrotum, several cm each side
30
what instruments are needed for dog castrate?
standard soft tissue kit | at least 3 haemostats
31
how are cats positioned for castration?
lateral recumbency for 2 scrotal incisions
32
where is clipped for cat castrate?
scrotum and surrounding area
33
what instruments needed for cat castrate?
scalpel
34
how are retained testicles classed?
pre-scrotal inguinal abdominal
35
why do testicles need removing if both not fully descended by 6 months?
increased risk of neoplasia
36
when to testicles normally descend by?
30-40 days
37
what are complications of castration?
``` scrotal bruising scrotal swelling haemorrhage infection self trauma ```
38
what is analgesia protocol for cat castrates?
opioids and NSAIDs on day of op