OPERATING ROOM PROCEDURES

Question 1

Stages of Operation

Answer 1

Pre-operative, Intra-operative, Post-operative

Question 2

extends from the time the client is admitted to the surgical unit, to the time he/she is prepared physically, psychosocially, spiritually and legally for the surgical procedure, until he/she is transported into the
operating room.

Answer 2

PREOPERATIVE PHASE

Question 3

extends from the time the client is admitted to
the operating room, to the time of administration of anesthesia, surgical
procedure is done, until he/she is transported to the recovery room (RR) / post anesthesia care unit (PACU)

Answer 3

INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE

Question 4

extends from the time the client is admitted to
the recovery room, to the time he is transported back into the surgical unit,
discharged from the hospital, until the follow - up care.

Answer 4

POSTOPERATIVE PHASE

Question 5

Functions of Scrub Nurse

Answer 5

*Assists the surgical team
*Maintains sterility
*Handles instruments, prepares sutures, receives specimen, counts
*Drapes patient
*Wears sterile gown, gloves

Question 6

Functions of Circulating Nurse

Answer 6

*Assists the Scrub nurse, opens & obtains instrument, keeps record, adjust lights, receives specimen, coordinates
*Positions the patient for surgery

Question 7

Name 3 classifications of instruments and give 2 sample.

Answer 7

SHARPS: cutting and dissecting
► Bandage Scissors
► Straight scissor
GRASPERS: grasping and holding.
► Thumb Forceps
► Allis Forceps
CLAMPS: clamping and occluding.
► Kelly Forceps
► Mosquito Forceps

Question 8

Identify five (5) types of blades

Answer 8

Handle #4: 20, 21, 22, 23, and 25
Handle #3: 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15

Question 9

Enumerate principles of sterile technique (1-5)

Answer 9

1. Only sterile items are used within the sterile field.
2. Sterile persons pass each other back to back.
3. Step away from sterile field of contaminated.
4. Change gloves when pricked by needles.
5. Do not turn your back from sterile field.

Question 10

Enumerate principles of sterile technique (6-10)

Answer 10

6. Keep sterile field as dry as possible
7. Discard soiled sponges from a sterile field.
8. Keep talking to a minimum.
9. Microorganisms must be kept to a minimum.
10. Sterile persons keep hands in sight and at or above waist level.

Question 11

Enumerate principles of sterile technique (11-15)

Answer 11

11. Unsterile persons never walk between 2 sterile areas.
12. Changing table levels are avoided.
13. Items dropped below waist level are considered unsterile.
14. Tables are considered sterile only at table level.
15. Anything that extends below the table level is considered unsterile.

Question 12

Enumerate principles of sterile technique (16-20)

Answer 12

16. Sterile persons keep well within the sterile area.
17. Unsterile person should maintain at least 1 foot distance from any sterile area.
18. Unsterile persons never walk between 2 sterile areas.
19. Sterile persons pass each other back to back.
20. Unsterile persons avoid sterile areas.

Question 13

Enumerate five (5) purposes of surgical operation

Answer 13

DIAGNOSTIC - To confirm the presence of a disease condition.
EXPLORATORY - To determine the extent of the disease condition.
CURATIVE - To treat the disease condition.
PALLIATIVE - To relieve distressing signs and symptoms, not necessarily to cure
the disease.
CONSTRUCTIVE - Involves repair of the congenital malformation.

Question 14

MEMBERS OF THE SURGICAL TEAM

Answer 14

1. Surgeon
2. Assistant surgeon
3. Anesthesiologist
4. Nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
5. Circulating nurse
6. Scrub nurse

Question 15

PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY

Answer 15

1. Obstruction – impairment / blocks to the flow of vital fluids
2. Perforation – rupture of an organ
3. Tumor – abnormal new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled
   proliferation of cells either localized or invasive, benign or malignant
4. Erosion – wearing off a surface or membrane – gradual destruction

Question 16

TYPES of SURGERY According to URGENCY

Answer 16

1. Emergency
2. Urgent /Imperative
3. Planned / Required
4. Elective
5. Optional

Question 17

PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY

Answer 17

 Obstruction. Impairment to the flow of vital fluids, like blood, urine, bile, CSF
 Perforation. Rupture of an organ, ruptured appendicitis, ruptured uterus
 Erosion. Wearing off of a surface or membrane, e.g. peptic ulcer
 Tumors. Abnormal new growth, breast tumor, bone tumor, lung tumor, brain
tumor.

Question 18

Curative. To treat the disease condition. The different types of curative
surgeries are as follows:

Answer 18

ABLATIVE. Involves removal of an organ. Suffix used is “ectomy.”
CONSTRUCTIVE. Involves repair of congenitally defective organ. Suffixes
used are “plasty,” “orrhaphy,” “pexy.”
RECONSTRUCTIVE. Involves repair of damaged organ.

Question 19

TYPES of SURGERY According to degree of RISK/ MAGNITUDE/ EXTENT

Answer 19

1. Major
   * EMERGENCY
   * HIGH RISK
   * DURATION
   * VITAL ORGAN
   * BLEEDING
2. Minor

Question 20

Preoperative health teaching

Answer 20

• Leg exercises: To stimulate blood circulation in the extremities to prevent thrombophlebitis
• Deep breathing and Coughing Exercises: To facilitate lung aeration and secretion
  mobilization to prevent atelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia Done every two to four hours
• Positioning and Ambulation: For circulation, stimulate respiration, decrease stasis of gas