OPERATING ROOM PROCEDURES Flashcards
Stages of Operation
Pre-operative, Intra-operative, Post-operative
extends from the time the client is admitted to the surgical unit, to the time he/she is prepared physically, psychosocially, spiritually and legally for the surgical procedure, until he/she is transported into the
operating room.
PREOPERATIVE PHASE
extends from the time the client is admitted to
the operating room, to the time of administration of anesthesia, surgical
procedure is done, until he/she is transported to the recovery room (RR) / post anesthesia care unit (PACU)
INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE
extends from the time the client is admitted to
the recovery room, to the time he is transported back into the surgical unit,
discharged from the hospital, until the follow - up care.
POSTOPERATIVE PHASE
Functions of Scrub Nurse
*Assists the surgical team
*Maintains sterility
*Handles instruments, prepares sutures, receives specimen, counts
*Drapes patient
*Wears sterile gown, gloves
Functions of Circulating Nurse
*Assists the Scrub nurse, opens & obtains instrument, keeps record, adjust lights, receives specimen, coordinates
*Positions the patient for surgery
Name 3 classifications of instruments and give 2 sample.
SHARPS: cutting and dissecting
► Bandage Scissors
► Straight scissor
GRASPERS: grasping and holding.
► Thumb Forceps
► Allis Forceps
CLAMPS: clamping and occluding.
► Kelly Forceps
► Mosquito Forceps
Identify five (5) types of blades
Handle #4: 20, 21, 22, 23, and 25
Handle #3: 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15
Enumerate principles of sterile technique (1-5)
- Only sterile items are used within the sterile field.
- Sterile persons pass each other back to back.
- Step away from sterile field of contaminated.
- Change gloves when pricked by needles.
- Do not turn your back from sterile field.
Enumerate principles of sterile technique (6-10)
- Keep sterile field as dry as possible
- Discard soiled sponges from a sterile field.
- Keep talking to a minimum.
- Microorganisms must be kept to a minimum.
- Sterile persons keep hands in sight and at or above waist level.
Enumerate principles of sterile technique (11-15)
- Unsterile persons never walk between 2 sterile areas.
- Changing table levels are avoided.
- Items dropped below waist level are considered unsterile.
- Tables are considered sterile only at table level.
- Anything that extends below the table level is considered unsterile.
Enumerate principles of sterile technique (16-20)
- Sterile persons keep well within the sterile area.
- Unsterile person should maintain at least 1 foot distance from any sterile area.
- Unsterile persons never walk between 2 sterile areas.
- Sterile persons pass each other back to back.
- Unsterile persons avoid sterile areas.
Enumerate five (5) purposes of surgical operation
DIAGNOSTIC - To confirm the presence of a disease condition.
EXPLORATORY - To determine the extent of the disease condition.
CURATIVE - To treat the disease condition.
PALLIATIVE - To relieve distressing signs and symptoms, not necessarily to cure
the disease.
CONSTRUCTIVE - Involves repair of the congenital malformation.
MEMBERS OF THE SURGICAL TEAM
- Surgeon
- Assistant surgeon
- Anesthesiologist
- Nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
- Circulating nurse
- Scrub nurse
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY
- Obstruction – impairment / blocks to the flow of vital fluids
- Perforation – rupture of an organ
- Tumor – abnormal new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled
proliferation of cells either localized or invasive, benign or malignant - Erosion – wearing off a surface or membrane – gradual destruction
TYPES of SURGERY According to URGENCY
- Emergency
- Urgent /Imperative
- Planned / Required
- Elective
- Optional
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY
Obstruction. Impairment to the flow of vital fluids, like blood, urine, bile, CSF
Perforation. Rupture of an organ, ruptured appendicitis, ruptured uterus
Erosion. Wearing off of a surface or membrane, e.g. peptic ulcer
Tumors. Abnormal new growth, breast tumor, bone tumor, lung tumor, brain
tumor.
Curative. To treat the disease condition. The different types of curative
surgeries are as follows:
ABLATIVE. Involves removal of an organ. Suffix used is “ectomy.”
CONSTRUCTIVE. Involves repair of congenitally defective organ. Suffixes
used are “plasty,” “orrhaphy,” “pexy.”
RECONSTRUCTIVE. Involves repair of damaged organ.
TYPES of SURGERY According to degree of RISK/ MAGNITUDE/ EXTENT
- Major
* EMERGENCY
* HIGH RISK
* DURATION
* VITAL ORGAN
* BLEEDING - Minor
Preoperative health teaching
- Leg exercises: To stimulate blood circulation in the extremities to prevent thrombophlebitis
- Deep breathing and Coughing Exercises: To facilitate lung aeration and secretion
mobilization to prevent atelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia Done every two to four hours - Positioning and Ambulation: For circulation, stimulate respiration, decrease stasis of gas
